陕西农村0～18月龄婴幼儿膳食状况调查研究

Dietary status of 336 infants aged 0-18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi province

目的了解陕西部分农村地区0～18月龄婴幼儿膳食状况，为提高西北地区家庭养育理念提供理论依据及干预措施。方法采用整群分层抽样的方法抽取0～18月龄婴幼儿336名，按月龄分为5组，并采用称重法入户对婴幼儿进行连续3天（72小时）膳食调查和血红蛋白检测，分析婴幼儿膳食情况，并比较贫血和非贫血婴幼儿的膳食摄入情况。结果该地区0～18月龄的婴幼儿蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量占推荐摄入量的74．90％、85．35％和43．01％；能量摄入在4个月内接近膳食营养素参考摄入量的80％，4个月以后基本保持在60％左右；自婴幼儿6个月以后，除膳食镁和维生素B：的摄入较为充足之外，其它各元素均不能满足推荐摄入量或适宜摄入量。贫血组的多数营养素摄入均低于正常组，包括能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素B。维生素c，钠、钙、镁、铁、锌等，但两组的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论陕西农村地区0～18月龄婴幼儿能量摄入普遍不足，且表现出不均衡性，蛋白质来源较差。采取有效措施加强健康教育对改善当地婴幼儿膳食营养状况具有重要意义。

Objective To understand the dietary status of infants aged 0-18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi province, so as to provide theory basis and intervention measures for family rearing in northwest China. Methods Totally 336 infants aged 0-18 months were chosen by stratified cluster sampling, and they were divided into 5 groups according to age. With weighing method, dietary was recorded and hematoglobin was detected at objects＇ home for 3 continuous days to analyze infants＇ dietary and compare the nutrients intake between anemia infants and non-anemia infants. Results Intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate of these infants accounted for 74.90% ,85.35% and 43.01% of the recommended nutrient intakes （RNIs） respectively. Energy intake was nearly 80% before 4 months old, and then decreased to 60% of recommended dietary nutrients. After 6 month old, except vitamin B2 and Mg were sufficient, other dietary nutrients were all lower than adequate intake. Compared with non-anemia infants, most dietary micronutrients intake, including energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and others, were lower in anemic infants. But the difference was not significant （ all P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Dietary nutrients intakes of these infants are generally insufficient and imbalanced, and source of protein is poor. It has great significance of adopting effective health education to improve infants＇ dietary in rural areas of Shaanxi province.