两型社会与技术评估的生态转向

Two-Oriented Society and the Ecological Turn of Technology Assessment

传统"非两型社会"的技术评估价值尺度是"经济价值优先",在这种价值尺度下的技术评估实践对经济价值的过分"聚焦",导致出现了全球生态危机。"两型社会"是社会发展范式的跃迁,其社会发展价值观系统中生态因子成为重要要素,强调人与自然关系的协调发展,化解人与自然的结构性矛盾,促进人与自然的内在和谐。在两型社会的价值向度下,技术评估也应实现价值导向的转向,从而有利于发展适应于两型社会价值愿景的"两型技术"。要实现技术评估的"生态价值转向",可以从树立正确的社会发展观与生态自然观、借鉴他国技术评估的先进经验、完善技术评估的专业机构和法律制度等方面建立价值导向机制。

The traditional non - two - oriented society＇ s technology assessment of values insists that the economic value is in the first place. The practice in which the technology assessment of this new measure pays a large scale of focus on economic value results in the ecological global crisis. Two -oriented society is the transformation of para- digm of society and the ecological elements is the vital part of value system of society. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between human and nature, ease the increasingly prominent contradiction between hu- man and nature, and promote the inherent harmony between human and nature. Ruled by the two -oriented social values, the technology assessment should achieve ＂the shift of value＂ to stimulate the two - oriented technology and meets the need of two - oriented society. And the turn of ecological value should be based on the three aspects as follows： establishing reasonable outlook of social development and view of ecological value; drawing lessons from advanced experience abroad; constructing value orientation mechanism such as institutions of technical assessment and legal system.