中国国情环境下CdTe光伏的全周期镉排放分析

Life-cycle Cd emission analysis of CdTe PV in China national condition

结合中国的实际国情,对碲化镉薄膜光伏技术产业在中国生产和使用的全周期进行预测分析,讨论了该产业潜在的镉排放问题.经对比分析发现,这种光伏发电形式的镉总排放率只有当前中国火力发电的1/13.但是其中采用化学回收技术对报废组件进行资源再生的环节排放率弹性很大,需给予特别关注.总体上,我们预测在中国生产和应用碲化镉薄膜光伏系统引起的镉排放仅有364.6mgCd GW-1h-1,远低于煤电的4900mgCd GW-1h-1.所产生的环境效益比在美国更大.

This paper has discussed the potential life-cycle Cd environmental emission of CdTe thin film photovoltaic industry while produced and operated in China. And details of computation methods as well as analysis results have been provided in each step, such as material production and purification, module production, module operation and recycling-disposal. The analysis indicated that the total cadmium emission rate of CdTe PV is less than one-thirteenth of the one of China conventional grid electricity. We also found that the emission due to module recycling has a wide flexibility. In general, we expect that there will be a cadmium emission rate of only 382 mg Cd GW^-1 h^-1 when cadmium telluride PV systems are manufactured and operated in China, which will be far lower than the emission rate of 4900 mg Cd GW^-1 h^-1 from coal-burning power plants. The environmental advantage of CdTe production and utilization in China is found greater than in USA.