胚胎不同发育阶段人类皮肤及附属器官汗腺的基因表达

Gene expression of the skin and sweat glands in different development stages of embryo

背景:关于汗腺的发生与发育过程及汗腺损伤与再生之间的联系尚缺乏基因水平的证据,故各种原因所致的皮肤损伤都不能达到解剖结构与生理功能的完全修复。目的:观察胚胎不同发育阶段皮肤组织的形态结构及皮肤附属器汗腺的发生和发育规律,寻找在汗腺发育中起重要作用的相关基因。方法:13例胎龄为12-36周终止妊娠的胎儿,由深圳市第二人民医院妇产科严格遵循伦理原则、征得家属同意并签署合同书后提供。苏木精-伊红染色和ABC免疫组化法观察不同发育阶段人类胎儿皮肤组织及附属汗腺的结构和特征,采用RT-PCR方法分析生长发育过程中人类胎儿皮肤及汗腺附属器官相关基因的表达。结果与结论:①不同胎龄的人类胎儿皮肤组织结构呈现规律性的变化,可大致划分为3个发育阶段:其中汗腺形成初期(胚芽或原基期)(E12-15周)、汗腺形成中期(E16-24周),汗腺成熟期(E25+-36周)。②胎儿皮肤组织内的汗腺细胞中表达角蛋白7、角蛋白8、角蛋白18和癌胚抗原生物分子标记,而在真皮层和表皮层的其他细胞呈阴性反应,角蛋白19不是表皮干细胞的特异性标记物。③表皮生长因子及其受体积极地参与了皮肤及汗腺的形态发生过程,在皮肤及汗腺的功能维持中起着重要的作用。

BACKGROUND： Because of the shortage of genetic evidence for the occurrence and development of the sweat glands as well as the relationship between sweat gland injury and regeneration, various reasons caused skin injury cannot reach complete repair of anatomical structure and physiological function. OBJECTIVE： To observe the morphology of skin tissue, and the occurrence and development pattern of the sweat gland, a skin appendage, in different development stages of embryo, as well as to find the related genes that play important roles in the development of sweat glands. METHODS： Thirteen fetuses with the gestational age of 12-36 weeks were provided by the Second People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen, which strictly followed the ethical principles, and informed consent was written by their families. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and ABC immunohistochemical method were used to observe the structure and characteristics of fetal skin tissue and sweat glands in different development stages of embryo. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression of fetal skin tissue and sweat glands in the growth process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Skin tissue structure of human fetus with different gestational ages showed regular change, which could be roughly divided into three development stages： the early formation of sweat glands （germ or the original base period, E12-15 weeks）, the middle formation of sweat gland （E16-24 weeks）, sweat gland maturation period （E25＋-36 weeks）. The keratin 7, keratin 8, keratin 18 and carcinoembryonic antigen biomolecular markers were positively expressed in the sweat gland cells of fetal skin tissue, while negatively expressed in the other cells of dermis and epidermis. The keratin 19 was not the specific marker of epidermal stem cells. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor are actively involved in the skin and sweat gland morphogenesis, which play an important role in maintaining the function of skin and sweat glands.