麻黄-杏仁药对配伍及不同配比对急性毒性及平喘作用的影响

Effect of Ephedra with Semen Armeniacae Amarum by compatibility of different ratio in acute toxicity test and antiasthmatic

目的:探讨麻黄、杏仁配伍前后及不同配比对小鼠急性毒性和大鼠平喘作用的影响。方法:采用经典的急性毒性实验方法进行小鼠急性毒性的比较研究;采用大鼠卵蛋白致喘法研究麻黄-杏仁药对不同配比对大鼠的平喘作用。结果:麻黄、杏仁、麻黄-杏仁1:0.5、麻黄-杏仁1:1和麻黄-杏仁1:2的LD50分别为93.78g∕㎏、29.19g∕㎏、53.49g∕㎏、62.44g∕㎏、73.68g∕㎏;平喘实验结果显示,与模型组相比,各给药组大鼠引喘潜伏期均明显延长,肺组织湿干重比值、血液中嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)百分比和血小板计数(PLT)均显著降低(P<0.05),其中,麻黄-杏仁1:0.5组的引喘潜伏期明显大于其他各给药组(P<0.05)。结论:苦杏仁具有较大的毒性,麻黄-杏仁1:1组和麻黄-杏仁1:2组能降低苦杏仁的毒性;麻黄、杏仁单用和配伍均能有效改善哮喘状态,延长哮喘潜伏期,配伍使用的效果更好。三个配伍组中,麻黄-杏仁1:0.5组对延长引喘潜伏期、降低肺组织湿干重比值,效果好。麻黄-杏仁治疗哮喘的作用机制可能与降低嗜酸性粒细胞百分数和血小板数量有关。

Objective： To observe the acute toxicity and antiasthmatic of Ephedra-Semen Amarum by compatibility of different ratio.Methods： To compare the acute toxicity on mice with classical acute toxicity test methods;In the antiasthmatic study,asthma model was made by OVA induced on rat to compare the antiasthmatic effection of Ephedra,Semen Amarum and their compatibility.Results：The LD50 of Ephedra,Semen Amarum,Ephedra-Semen Amarum 1：0.5、1：1 and 1：2 are 93.78g∕㎏,29.19g∕㎏,53.49g∕㎏,62.44g∕㎏,73.68g∕㎏;Ephedra,Semen Amarum and their different compatibility all significantly extend the asthma latency,reduce the lung W∕D ratio,percentage of EOS and platelet count（P0.05）.Compared to all other experimental groups,Ephedra-Semen Amarum 1：0.5 significantly extend the asthma latency（P0.05）.Conclusion：The toxicity of Semen Amarum is reduced when the compatibility ratio of Ephedra and Semen Amarum is 1：1 and 1：2;Ephedra,Semen Amarum,and their different combinations all significantly prolong the asthma latency.The effect of prolonging the asthma latency and reducing lung W∕D ratio is the strongest when the compatibility ratio of Ephedra and Semen Amarum is 1：0.5.Ephedra-Semen Amarum could treat asthma by reducing percentage of EOS and PLT.