诱导多能干细胞的研究现状及展望

Current progress and prospects of induced pluripotent stem cells

背景:同胚胎干细胞一样,诱导多能干细胞可以自我更新并可分化成各种类型的体细胞。诱导多能干细胞不仅在替代疗法上有重要价值,还可用于体外疾病模型的建立,以方便疾病机制的研究、药物的监测以及新治疗方法的检验。目的:综合分析诱导多能干细胞的方法。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed及中国期刊全文数据库2006年1月至2011年12月与诱导多能干细胞有关的文章,英文检索词为"inducedpluripotentstemcells";中文检索词为"诱导多能干细胞",并限定文章语言种类为中文。共收集到330篇相关文献,排除内容陈旧或重复的文献,选用其中的31篇作为参考文献。结果与结论:文章从基因导入诱导多能干细胞、蛋白诱导多能干细胞、小分子诱导多能干细胞、诱导多能干细胞株间的特性和差异、提高诱导多能干细胞的转化率、诱导多能干细胞在动物疾病模型治疗中的应用等方面进行了阐述。研究发现具有适当匹配转录因子的体细胞是生成诱导多能干细胞的一个潜在实用的起始点。基因诱导多能干细胞还存在未被解决的问题,而蛋白诱导多潜能干细胞的方法不会影响细胞的遗传物质。将诱导多能干细胞诱导技术和转基因动物技术相结合,可进行定向变异和育种,提高动物的遗传本质,加快动物群体遗传变异程度。诱导多能干细胞不仅在替代疗法上有重要价值,还可用于体外疾病模型的建立,以方便疾病机制的研究、药物的监测以及新治疗方法的检验。

BACKGROUND： As embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into all types of somatic cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are not only valuable for cell replacement therapy, but also useful for disease modeling in vitro, facilitating studies of mechanisms underlying disease development, drug screening, and development of new therapeutic strategy. OBJECTIVE： To comprehensively analyze the method for induced pluripotent stem cells METHODS： An online search of PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was undertaken to identify articles about induced pluripotent stem cells published from January 2006 to December 2011. The keywords were ＂induced pluripotent stem cells＂. 330 literatures were collected, and those old or repetitive literatures were excluded. Thus. 31 literatures were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Articles explained the following aspects： gene transfer into induced pluripotent stem cells, protein transfer into induced pluripotent stem cells, micromolecule transfer into induced pluripotent stem cells, properties and difference of induced pluripotent stem cell line, to elevate the transformation efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells, application of induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of animal disease models. Studies have found that somatic cells with suitable matching transcription factor are potential practical initiation point of producing induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene transfer into induced pluripotent stem cells still has unsolved problems, but protein transfer into induced pluripotent stem cells cannot affect hereditary substance of cells. The combination of induction technique of induced pluripotent stem cells and transgenic animal technique can perform directed variation and breeding, elevate animal＇s heredity, accelerate hereditary variation of animal population. Induced pluripotent stem cells not only have essential values in substitution therapy, but also can be used in the establishment of in vitro disease models, which contributes to the study of disease mechanisms, drug monitoring and determination of new therapeutics.