爆破性减压对脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能的影响

Effect of explosive decompression on neural function of rats with the spinal cord injury

目的研究爆破性减压对脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能的影响。方法健康雄性SD大鼠32只，按数字表法随机分为对照组、单纯脊髓挫伤组（单纯挫伤组）、单纯爆破减压组（单纯减压组）、爆破性减压复合脊髓挫伤组（复合伤组），每组8只。建立大鼠爆破性减压瞬间复合脊髓机械性挫伤模型，对脊髓损伤大鼠进行神经功能评价及行走步态迷失实验。结果单纯减压组与对照组相似，脊髓损伤后运动功能评分（BBB评分）平均为21分；而单纯挫伤组和复合伤组伤后BBB评分（0．67±0．82，0．33±0．52）较低，后逐渐恢复，其中单纯损伤组恢复较快，4周后BBB评分为（17．00±1．41）分，与对照组（21分）比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；但复合伤组感觉、运动及反射较单纯挫伤组恢复慢，至6周后与对照组、单纯减压组和单纯挫伤组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组和单纯减压组的步态迷失次数均为0，单纯挫伤组和复合伤组伤后步态迷失次数（15．33±0．63，15．58±0．49）较高，与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；后逐渐恢复，其中复合伤组恢复较差，6周后步态平均迷失次数（8．17±0．56）与对照组、单纯减压组和单纯挫伤组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论爆破性减压对脊髓损伤有明显影响且持续时间较长，提示爆破性减压可能进一步损伤大鼠的神经功能。

Objective To investigate the effect of explosive decompression on the neural function of rats with the spinal cord injury. Methods Thirty-two male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ： the control group （ group 1 ） , the simple acute spinal cord injury group （ group 2 ）, the simple explosive decompression group （group 3 ）, and the explosive decompression combined with acute spinal cord injury group （group 4 ）, each consisting of 8 rats. Then, the animal model of explosive decompression combined with acute spinal cord injury was developed. Evaluation of neural performance was made and walking gait losing experiment （WGLE） was performed in the rats with spinal cord injury. Results Similar to the rats in group 1, scores of Basso-Beattle Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale （ BBB score） for the rats in group 2 were on the average（21 ） , while BBB scores for group 2 and group 4 were obviously lower（0.67 ± 0. 82, 0.33 ±0. 52） , following injury, and slow recovery was seen in them, with the animals in group 2 being recovered obviously faster. After 4 weeks, no statistical significance could be noted in the BBB scores（ 17.00 ± 1.41 ）for the animals in group 2 and group 4, when compared with those of the control group （ 21 ） （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. However, sensory and motor functions and reflex of the animals in group 4 recovered more slowly, when compared with those of group 2. Significant differences could still be seen, 6 weeks after injury, when compared with the animals of groups 1,2 and 3 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The animals of group 1 and group 3 made no mistakes in WGLE,while the rats in group 2 and groupg had a relatively higher walking gait losing times（ 15.33 ±0.63,15.58 ±0.49）, and statistical significance could also be noted, when compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Then, the animals gradually recovered, with the animals of group 4 recovered more slowly. Six weeks after injury, the animals of group 4 had on the average walking gait losing times （8. 17± 0.56）, and statistical significance could be seen in them, when they were compared with those of groups 1, 2 and 3 （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Explosive decompression could induce spinal cord injury, which would remain for a long time, indicating that explosive decompression might bring further injury to the neural function of rats.