不同品种梨花粉亚显微形态观察及比较

Observation and comparison on the pollen submicroscopic morphology of six pear cultivars

应用扫描电子显微镜观察胶东半岛6个主栽梨品种的花粉形态,比较极轴、赤道轴、P/E值以及外壁特征,旨在拓展花粉亚显微结构在种质鉴定方面的应用范围。试验结果表明:梨属植物花粉形态相似,呈长球形,萌发孔均为3条拟孔沟,沿极轴方向延伸至两极;花粉表面为条纹纹饰,有网状和平行两种类型,不同品种间存在较大差异。条脊交叉与平行排列程度,穿孔大小、形态与数量也有所不同;‘红香酥’和‘巴梨’花粉外壁为网状条纹纹饰,而其他4个品种呈现平行型条纹状纹饰,推断梨花粉孢粉学信息呈现趋母本遗传特性。

Application the scanning electron microscope （SEM） to observe on the pollen morphology of six main cultivars of pears in Jiaodong peninsula, comparison of the polar axis, equatorial axis, P/E value and external features, which would be extended pollen submicroscopic structure in germplasm identification field research. The results showed that pear pollen morphology were similar, a long ball, and had 3 germination apertures along the polar axis, extending to the poles. Pollen surface showed striped ornamentation, and two types of reticulate and parallel were observed among different genotypes. Ridge crossing and parallel degree, perforation size, shape and number were different. The surface of pollen in ‘Hongxiangsu＇ and ‘Bartlett＇ showed the reticulate, while the other four varieties displayed the parallel striped ornamentation, which indicated that the pear palynologieal information presented more maternal genetic characteristics.