1930年代中期红四方面军对川西北及康北土司政策及其演变

Red Fourth Army's Policy and Its Change for Chieftains in the Northwest of Sichuan and North of Xikang in the Mid-1930s

1935年5月,中国工农红军第四方面军进入川西北地区并将川陕苏区扩大到茂县、汶川、松潘、理县及大小金川流域,红军在所占领地区瓦解土司政权,解放"娃子",夺取土司控制的粮食,分掉大土司的土地房屋,赢得了各族民众支持,但却遭到了川西北土司土官一致强烈的对抗。1936年初,红四方面军转战并进入康北地区以后,将打击土司的政策调整为联合或者中立土司的政策,以致康北地区出现了部分土司喇嘛支持红军或保持中立的情况。这一政策转变,直接原因在于共产国际政策的调整,根本原因则是红四方面军面临着严峻的生存问题。当然,苏维埃政权的革命性质、革命政策的惯性以及康北的客观形势使红四方面军不可能与土司实现真正的联合。

Fourth Front Army of Chinese Workers＇ and Peasants＇ Red Army which entered the northwest of Sichuan expanded Soviet Areas in Sichuan and Shaanxi province to Maoxian,Wenchuan,Lixian and the great and small Jinchuan Watershed in May 1935.The Red Fourth Army collapsed the chieftain regime,liberated slaves who were called wazi,seized food controlled by chieftains,redistributed fields and houses of chieftains and won local peoples＇ support,but suffered consistently intense confrontation from chieftains in the northwest of Sichuan.After they fought into the north of Xikang area in early 1936,Red Fourth Army changed the policy which combated chieftains into association with them or keeping neutral so that some local chieftains and lama supported or remained neutral.The direct cause was policy adjustment from the Comintern,but the primary one was that Red Fourth Army was confronted with severe issues for survival.Certainly,these which Soviet revolutionary policy of inertia and objective social situation in the north of Xikang province did not make Red Fourth Army bring about the real alliance with chieftains.