村镇共治平台的塑造:四种治理模式的考察

The Formation of Shared-governance in Towns-villages: the Experience of Four Models

随着农村税费制度终结以及基础服务型政府建设提速,村镇治理新机制开始生长出来,新机制要求新的治理平台产生。本文从乡镇政府、村委会和村民等几个村镇治理主体关系出发,考察村镇治理机制变革路径,并通过对四个村镇共治平台的实地调查与比较分析,认为村镇组织沿着制度滑行、制度模仿、制度拓展和制度创新等变迁路径塑造村镇共治新平台,不断回应村民的需求,在乡镇政府行使行政管理权力、村委会落实自治权力和村民实现政治、社会经济权利之间寻找到协作平台和权益实现的平衡点,官民共治是村镇有效治理的现实路径,而民主深度发展则是村镇治理机制变革的基本保证。

Since the end of rural tax system and the accelerated construction of a service-oriented government, a new governing mechanism for village towns has appeared, demanding a new governing platform. By analyzing various key factors of the governance of village towns （e. g. , the township government, the village committee, and villagers）, this essay examines the development of the governing mechanism for village-township. Through the analysis of four shared platforms of governance for townships and villages, it will argue that progressing along the paths of institutional inertia, institutional emulation, institutional expansion, and institutional innovation, the structure of township-village has been shaped to create a new shared platform of governance, responding to the needs of villagers and seeking a balanced point that reconciles the cooperative platform with the attainment of governmental power and civil interests among the administrative power of the township government, execution of the village committee＇ s self-governing power, and the protection of villagers＇ political rights and socioeconomic benefits. The essay will show that shared governance between the government and the villagers is the effective way of governing in reality and deeper democratization is the fundamental basis that ensures the reform of the governing mechanism for village towns