训政时期蒙藏委员会发展蒙藏教育实践初探

On Promoting the Mongolian and Tibetan Education by the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission during Political Tutelage Period

蒙藏委员会是南京国民政府时期主管蒙藏地区事务的中央机关。其主要职能是按照训政计划要求推进蒙藏地区的一应行政改革事项,其中扶植蒙藏地区的教育发展是其首要任务。蒙藏委员会对蒙藏教育在训政时期各阶段的推进过程做了详细的规划部署,由其直接举办并取得一定成绩的蒙藏教育事业计有蒙藏边区学生之招收、保送及救济;蒙藏学生升入内地各级学校之预备教育;蒙藏边区学校之筹办等。然而由于蒙藏委员会的职能赋予过于宽泛,实际权力授予无法与之相匹配,加之特殊历史背景下边疆问题的复杂性,使得其不能有针对性地、有效地推进蒙藏地区教育事业的发展。

The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission was the director of Mongolia and Tibet during the Nanjing national government period. Its main function is to promote the administrative reform of Mongolian and Tibetan areas with the political tutelage plan requirements, the fostering of Mongolian and Tibetan areas education development is the top priority. The commission developed a plan of the various periods of education development. The enterprises which were directly held by the commission were as follows： recommending the Mongolian and Tibetan students to mainland uni- versities; establishing schools on the mainland for students of Mongolia and Tibet or training personnel familiar with Mongolia and Tibet affairs; establishing primary school in Tibet. However due to the commission for Mongolian and Tibetan affairs function is too broad, the actual power is not matching, combined with the special historical background of the complexity of the frontier problems, these make it cannot really effectively promote the development of education undertaking Mongolian and Tibetan areas.