《离骚》名物表现特点的形成机制

On the Formation Mechanism of Expressing Characteristics in Lisao's Specific Objects

《离骚》的名物,具有多样性、地域性、神异性、对立性、实用性五大表现特点。表面看来,这些表现特点的形成似乎具有偶然性,但实际上,却隐含着诸多必然的因素。概括起来,主要是由自然环境、楚地民俗、人格象征三种因素共同作用的结果。楚地环境具有广袤性和特殊性,这决定了其名物的多样性和地域性;楚地民俗既崇拜动物又崇拜植物,这决定了其名物的神异性和实用性。生于斯、长于斯的屈原在运用《离骚》名物时,自然会受到它们的影响。同时,楚地名物一旦被屈原组织到《离骚》中,就不仅是物质形态的呈现,还是精神品格的象征;而《离骚》中的"名物世界"存在着两大系列的对立——香草与臭草、善鸟与恶鸟,这正是屈原用以象征"人的世界"中的两种人格的冲突——明君与昏君、贤臣与佞臣。

Lisao＇s specific objects can be roughly divided into natural objects and artificial objects. Apparently, the formation mechanism of these features seems to have a chance, but in fact, it implies many inevitable factors. Generally speaking, it is mainly caused by three factors such as natural environment, folklore of Chu and symbol of personality. Chu environment has a vastness and particularity, which determines the regional diversity of its specific objects. Chu folk worships both animal and plant, which determines the miraculous and practical of its specific objects. Qu Yuan, who was born and bred in the region of Chu, would naturally be influenced by them in using Lisao ~ s specific objects. At the same time, Chu specific objects once are organized into Lisao by Qu Yuan, they are not only physical, but spiritual character symbol. Howerer, the world of specific objects in Lisao has the opposition of the two series of vanilla and smelly grass, good bird and evil bird, which are used by Qu Yuan to symbolize the conflict of the two kinds of personality in the world of people, that is, stupid king and intelligent king, sage minister and traitor minister.