天山山区空中水汽含量及与气候因子的关系

Characteristics Analysis of Water Vapor Contents Around Tianshan Mountains and the Relationships with Climate Factors

利用建立的天山山区水汽含量与地面水汽压的经验关系式,计算天山山区及周边44站1961~2009年的水汽含量值,分析水汽含量的时空分布及其与气候变化因子的关系。结果表明：天山北麓的河谷平原地带是水汽含量高值区,中天山和东天山是低值区。水汽含量在近50 a内呈增加趋势,夏、秋季增加明显。水汽含量是影响天山山区降水量的最主要的因素之一,水汽对全球变暖和气候变化可能有负反馈作用,而冬季NAO和AO与水汽相关性最显著。这些研究对于揭示区域水分循环过程和全球变暖背景下的区域响应有重要意义。

Relation formula was established between water vapor content and ground water vapor pressure,and the water vapor content of the Tianshan Mountains was calculated,the spatial and temporal distribution of the water vapor content characteristics and the relationship with the climate factors change was analyzed（i.e.temperature,precipitation,NAO/AO index）.The following conclusion was drawn： the high value of the water vapor content area for Tianshan Mountains mainly distributed in the north Tianshan Plain region and the river valley in Turpan Basin,the water vapor content is in 12-20 mm.The east and middle area of Tianshan Mountains is a minimum part,the value is in 4-8 mm.In the past 50 years,the water vapor content in Tianshan Mountains exhibited an increasing trend with the rate of 0.26 mm per decade.However,the different seasons are different in the rates of water vapor content increase.Specifically,it increased most obviously in summer at a slope of 0.16 mm per decade and in autumn increased trend at a slope of 0.32 per decade.EOF decomposition of water vapor content showed the water vapor content distribution of has two types： consistency change in entire area under the background of regional climate change and the reverse change in north and south slope.It was showed that the regional climate change factors have impact on water vapor content.Specifically,precipitation in Tianshan Mountains was correlated significantly with water vapor content,especially atmospheric moisture and precipitation in summer,water vapor content is one of the factors that affect precipitation.The EOF decomposition of precipitation and water vapor content showed that the first two vector field of similarity high between the distribution of spatial and temporal distribution.Water vapor has negative feedback effect to regional temperature under the global change and climate change,through it is a major cause of greenhouse gas and also a cause of climate change in terms of global change.NAO or AO in winter has relevant relations with water vapor,and winter AO has the most significant correlation to summer water vapor.These works are important for discussing the regional water cycling process and regional response of climate change under the background of global change.The results lay scientific foundation for rational develop and utilize water vapor sources in Tianshan Mountains.