稻茬油菜田杂草的发生规律及防除

A study on occurrence of weed community and its control in rape field after rice

采用拔除法调查稻茬油菜田杂草种类及其出苗动态和发生规律,以人工除草和不除草作对照,考察3种除草剂13.5%草铵膦、油力1+1、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵对杂草的田间控制效果。结果表明:在稻茬油菜田中共发现杂草16种,分属10个科,优势种群为早熟禾,亚优势种群为看麦娘、繁缕;杂草于油菜播种后开始出苗,有冬前出苗最高峰和春季出苗次高峰2个出苗高峰;施用草铵膦第8天后,对总杂草、禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草等的防效达90%以上,第16、32、64天后的防效仍可高达90%以上;与不除草相比,施用草铵膦,可使油菜增产约8%。

This research first studied the kinds of weeds in rape field after rice their occurrence and succession regularity by removing them, then investigated their control efficiencies of 3 different herbicides, by means of the comparison between manual weedinf and no weeding. The results showed that 16 kinds of weeds, belonging to l 0 series, were found in the rape field after rice. The hydrophilous weed Poa annual was the dominant species, the subdominant weed species were Alopecurus aequalis and Stellaria media. These weeds usually started to sprout in the middle of Oct. There were one density peak and one emergence peak before winter in the rape field after rice. In spring, weed biomass increased slightly, but the weed density did not increase. After 8 days of application of 3 750 mL/hm2 of Phosphinothricin 13.5% SL in 250 kg water spraying in the period of four leaves, the control efficacies for total weeds and grass weeds and broadleaf weeds were 90%, 16 and 32 and 64 days later, they were still nearly 90%, Compared with the negative CK, rapeseed yield increased nearly 8%. with the help of herbicides of Phosphinothricin.