中国传统行政与自治关系辨析

Analysis of the Relationship between Chinese Traditional Administration and Autonomy

行政与自治的关系问题贯穿社会治理的始终,其实质是国家权力与社会权力的界分问题。中国传统行政"设官牧民"的统治职能较为凸显,其公共服务职能则被淡化;传统语境中的"自治",多有自行处理或自然安治的统治意义,没有民主选举和自主管理的立宪意义。古代国家行政对地方自治的有限容忍,取决于国家行使对内职能的实际需要。在秦汉以降官僚化统治的"编户齐民"系统内,间或出现的基层自治因素受到严密的行政控制,自治权实际上被行政权侵夺。文化构型中的官本位思想制约了民间自治力量的生长,限定了社会治理以稳定秩序为基本理念。

The relationship between administration and self-government is a problem which exists all through the social management;its essence is the boundary of state power and social power.The ＂officer herdsman＂ rule function of Chinese traditional administration is more prominent,while its public service function is weakened.The word autonomy＇s traditional context is how to handle or natural governing,which has no constitutional meaning of democratic elections and autonomous management.Ancient central government always has limited tolerance of local self-government,which depending on the nation＇s actual needs.Ever since Qin Dynasty,Chinese people were registered within the bureaucratic rule system,and autonomous factors were strictly controlled by administration.The officialdom standard thought in cultural configuration restricted the growth of civil autonomy,defines the social governance in order to maintain stability.