社会工作介入民族地区农村社区贫困问题的思考

Possible Solutions to Poverty-eradication Problems in the Minority Rural Communities in the Perspective of Social Work

最近召开的中央扶贫工作会议上指出"扎扎实实做好扶贫开发各项工作,确保到2020年全国实现全面建设小康社会目标"。[1]要实现这一目标,重要的指标就是绝对贫困现象基本消除。我国的贫困人口和地区主要集中在西部民族地区的农村社区,如西南民族地区75%以上的人口就集中在农村社区。党的十七大提出"加大对民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区的发展扶持力度"。[2]这是我们党和政府在新的历史条件下,把民族地区的贫困问题和发展问题提到了非常重要的位置。然而,目前我国社会学者对贫困问题的研究,主要集中在社会工作介入城市反贫困中的政策、领域和作用等方面,而对社会工作介入民族地区农村社区贫困问题的研究甚少。这不仅制约了民族地区农村社区的建设与发展,更严重的是影响到我国在2020年全面建设小康的社会目标。因此,本文从民族的角度,运用社会工作的个案、小组、社区等方法,来探讨其社会工作介入民族地区农村社区的贫困问题,以有助于对这一问题的深入研究。

The recent poverty-eradication work conference by CPC pointed out that＂the poverty-eradication work should be carried out in a down-to-earth way to ensure that by 2020 China will realize the goal of building a well-off society for all ＂.The realization of this goal relies on the eradication of absolute poverty which exists mainly in rural minority communities in west China,for instance,more than 75% of the population in the minority areas in southwest China live in rural communities.The CPC 17th National Congress stresses the quick development of the minority areas,border areas and poor areas in China.However,at present the sociologists of China focus their studies on urban poverty-eradication rather than those in the rural communities,which hinders the comprehensive study of such problems.From the ethnic perspective,this paper discusses the poverty-eradication problems of specific cases and rural communities and offers some suggestions.