承德市新诊断的599例尘肺病的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed 599 cases of pneumoconiosis in Chengde City

目的通过对承德市2007年1月—2012年10月新诊断的尘肺病例回顾性调查,了解近年该市尘肺病发病特点、流行特征、分布规律,为制定科学、有效、可持续的防治措施和策略提供依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测信息系统收集的2007年1月—2012年10月承德市新报告的尘肺病例进行调查分析。结果 2007年1月—2012年10月承德市报告尘肺病599例,其中矽肺病554例(92.49%);诊断时平均接尘工龄为(8.19±2.44)a,私营和小型企业的新发尘肺病例分别占72.3%、70.6%,宽城其病例占8县3区总病例数的40.7%。结论承德市近年尘肺病发生呈加速上升趋势,主要是矽尘危害;接尘工龄有缩短趋势,以小型、私营企业为主,以宽城县为尘肺病高发地区。应及时调整防治措施和策略,以重点地区、重点行业的小型、私营企业为治理重点,有针对性地加大治理力度,切实保障职工身体健康,降低尘肺发病。

[ Objective ] To obtain the pathogenesis features, epidemiological characteristics and distribution regularity of pneumoco- niosis in Chengde City in recent years, and provide the basis for formulating scientific, effective and sustainable prevention and treatment measures by retrospectively investigating the new cases of pneumoconiosis from January 2007-October 2012. [ Methods] By using the China CDC health hazards factors monitoring information system, new cases of pneumoconiosis from January 2007- Oc- tober 2012 in Chengde City were investigated and analyzed. [ Results] A total of 599 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Chengde City from January 2007-October 2012, including 554 cases of silicosis （92.49%）. The average length of employment with exposure to dust was （ 8.19 ＋ 2.44 } years. The new cases in private and small enterprises occupied 72.3% and 70.6% of total ca- ses. Of 8 counties and 3 districts, cases in Kuancheng County occupied 40.7% of total cases. [ Conclusion] The incidence of pneumoconiosis shows accelerated upward tendency in Chengde City, with silica dust as main hazard. The average length of employ- ment with exposure to dust is getting shorter, most in small and private enterprises. High incidence appeared in Kuancheng County. It is necessary to timely adjust control measures and strategies, taking small and private enterprises of key industry in key areas as control points, to increase control efforts so as to protect workers＇ health and reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis.