2006—2011年广西壮族自治区蒙山县病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of virus hepatitis in Mengshan County of Guangxi from 2006-2011

目的了解广西壮族自治区蒙山县病毒性肝炎的发病趋势、动态变化及流行特征,探讨今后的控制对策。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2006—2011年该县病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行统计分析。结果蒙山县2006—2011年累计报告病毒性肝炎2 259例,年均发病率为174.81/10万。其中男性1 542例,女性717例,性别比为2.15∶1。全县各乡镇均有病例报告,居发病率前3位的乡镇是蒙山镇(包括县直单位)、文圩镇、西河镇;全县每月均有病例发生。主要病种为乙型肝炎占比例较大,为74.72%;其次为丙型肝炎、未分型肝炎、甲型肝炎、戊型肝炎。发病年龄以20～40岁年龄组为主,占62.46%;农民是发病的主要人群,占74.02%。结论该县病毒性肝炎发病率呈上升趋势,应以乙型肝炎的防治为重点,最有效可靠的办法是加强以接种乙型肝炎疫苗为主导的预防控制策略,特别是对15岁以下的人群加强接种乙型肝炎疫苗,及提高成人、特别是青壮年男性的乙型肝炎疫苗接种率,以提高该人群的免疫能力。还特别要加强对新生儿出生24 h内的乙型肝炎疫苗接种,保护易感人群。

[ Objective ] To understand the trend, change and epidemiological characteristics of virus hepatitis in Mengshan County of Guangxi, explore the further control strategies. [ Methods ] By using the descriptive epidemiology method, the data of virus hepatitis from 2006-2011 were statistically analyzed. [ Results] A total of 2 259 cases of ,Aral hepatitis were reported in Mengshan County from 2006-2011, with the average annual incidence of 174.81/lakh. There were 1 542 male cases and 717 female cases, with the sex ratio of 2.15： 1. The cases were reported in every village and town, and the top three township with the highest Town incidence rate was Mengshan Town （ include prefectural units ） , Wenxu Town and Xihe Town. The cases occurred every month. The cases of hepatitis B accounted for 74.72%, followed by hepatitis C, undifferentiated type hepatitis, hepatitis A and hepatitis E. 62.46% of patients were people aged 20- 40 years old, and most cases were farmers, which accounted for 74.02%. [ Conclusion ] The inci- dence rate of viral hepatitis shows a rising trend in Mengshan County. The prevention should be based on hepatitis B control, and the most effective and reliable way is prevention and control strategy that is dominated by hepatitis B vaccination, especially the strengthening immunization among children under 15 years old. It is urgent to enhance the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine a- mong adult, especially young men, to improve the immunity. The hepatitis B vaccination in7 the first 24 hours after birth should be strengthened, so as to protect susceptible population.