霍克海默文化工业批判之考察

A Criticism of Horkheimer's "Culture Industry"

霍克海默第一次提出"文化工业"(Kulturindustie)的概念,并把这个概念与"大众文化"联系在一起,认为"文化工业"就是"文化操纵",是生产极权主义驯服工具的社会机器,构筑垄断资本主义统治的防护工事的"社会水泥";文化工业培植了大众的顺从主义的社会心理,并且通过娱乐进行公开的欺骗。通过对文化工业的基本特征即商品化、技术化、标准化、强制性特征的分析,霍克海默深刻而全面地批判了文化工业。这一批判无疑是对当代社会中文化价值危机的沉痛反思。

It was Horkheimer that first brought up the concept of 'culture industry' and associated it with 'popular culture'.He regarded 'culture industry' as 'cultural manipulation' and a social machine that produced a controlling tool for totalitarianism and 'social concrete' for defending monopolistic capitalism.He also held that culture industry helped produce the psychology of public submission and cheated the public through entertainment.Through the analysis of its basic features like commercialization,technicalization,standardization,and compulsoriness,he gave an incisive criticism of culture industry,an in-depth reflection on the crisis of cultural value in modern society.