不同海拔高度对烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Altitude on Yield,Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]探讨陕西旬阳地区不同海拔下烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)的农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量、化学成分等。[方法]于2011年在陕西省旬阳县赵湾镇选用烤烟品种K326在4个海拔高度田块进行大区对比示范试验。4个海拔高度分别为1043、893、767、540 m,其相应的土壤理化性状依次为:pH 5.9,有机质19.559 g/kg,碱解氮117.0 mg/kg,速效磷30.2 mg/kg,速效钾177.0 mg/kg;pH 5.3,有机质18.845 g/kg,碱解氮111.0 mg/kg,速效磷47.1 mg/kg,速效钾228.0 mg/kg;pH 5.6,有机质19.559 g/kg,碱解氮104.0 mg/kg,速效磷22.0 mg/kg,速效钾118.0 mg/kg;pH 7.4,有机质13.402 g/kg,碱解氮124.0 mg/kg,速效磷18.3 mg/kg,速效钾110.0 mg/kg。[结果]旬阳烟区主要植烟海拔在540～1 043 m时,随着海拔的升高,大田生育期逐渐推迟,株高逐渐降低,茎围逐渐增大,节距逐渐缩短,烟株发病率及病情指数先减小后增大,总氮、总烟碱含量有下降趋势,总糖、还原糖及钾含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,烟叶油分充足,身份变厚,结构疏松综合评价越好。在海拔767 m种植时烤烟经济学性状指标产量、产值、均价及中上等烟比例均最大,海拔893 m次之,其次是1 043 m,最差是540 m。[结论]综合分析认为,在旬阳烟区在海拔高度800 m左右种植烤烟产质量较好,海拔过低过高都不利于烤烟的生长。

[ Objective ] To study agronomic traits, economic traits, appearance quality and chemical components of Nieotiana tabaeum L. from different altitude in Xunyang Region, Shaanxi Province. [ Method] K326 was selected from Zhaowan Town, Xunyang County, Shanaxi Province in 2011 to carry out demonstration experiment at altitude 1 043,893,767 and 540 m. The corresponding soil physical and chemical properties are pH 5.9, organic matter 19. 559 g/kg, alkali -hydrolyzable nitrogen 117.0 mg/kg, available P 30.2 mg/kg, available K 177.0 mg/kg; pH 5.3, organic matter 18. 845 g/kg, alkali - hydrolyzable nitrogen 111.0 mg/kg, available P 47.1 mg/kg, available K 228.0 mg/kg ; pH 5.6, organic matter 19. 559 g/kg, alkali -hydrolyzahle nitrogen 104.0 mg/kg, available P 22.0 mg/kg, available K 118.0 mg/kg; pH 7.4, organic matter 13. 402 g/kg, alkali -hydrolyzable nitrogen 124.0 mg/kg, available P 18.3 mg/kg, available K 110.0 mg/kg. [ Result] At 540 -1 043 m, with altitude increasing, the growth period delayed, plant height decreased, stem diameter increased, pitch shortened, disease rate first decrease then increase, TN and Total nicotine content decreased, total sugar, reducing sugar and K content first rising then decreasing, leaf oil abundant, structure loose evaluation better. At 767 m, economic traits, yield, value, price and middle and upper grade tobacco proportion were the best, the following order was 893 m, 1 043 m, 540 m. [ Conclusion] The quality of planting flue-cared tobacco in Xunyang at 800 m is better, lower or higher altitude are not beneficial for its growth.