临汾市尧都农业区土壤有机质和大量营养元素空间变异性研究

Study of Soil Organic Matter in Yaodu Agricultural Area of Linfen and a Large Amount of Nutrient Elements of Spatial Variation

[目的]揭示临汾市郊农业区耕层土壤有机质及大量营养元素的空间变化规律,为其土壤肥力评价和管理提供指导。[方法]利用大量的土壤养分分析数据,通过实测研究区土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾6个肥力指标的含量,运用地统计学方法对其进行计算分析。[结果]在尧都区6种土壤肥力指标中,有机质、全氮和水解氮的块金值、基台值的比值分别为0.931、0.839、0.866,表明具有弱的空间相关性;有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾的C0/(C+C0)值分别为0.663、0.666、0.729,表明具有中等程度的空间相关性。研究区养分分布特征为:土壤有机质、全氮和水解氮含量表现为由西向东逐渐降低,有效磷、速效钾含量分布表现为中心高四周低,有效磷中心呈破碎的散块,速效钾则呈以汾河南部为中心的扩散状。[结论]在施肥过程中,农户应充分考虑土壤的本底差异,避免盲目地平均施肥。

[ Objective] The spatial variation of soil organic matter and nutrients in Linfen suburban agricultural zone was revealed to provide guidance for the evaluation of soil fertility and management. [ Method ] Using a great deal of analysis data of soil nutrient content, soil organic mat- ter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-available potassium were observed. Geostatistics method was used to calculate and analyze. [ Result] Among the soil fertility index soil in Yaodu District, organic matter, total nitrogen and hydro- lysable nitrogen nugget value and base value was 0. 931, 0. 839, 0. 866 respectively,which showed that it had a weak spatial correlation. Co/ （ C ＋ CO ） values of available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-available potassium were 0. 663, 0. 666, 0.729, which showed moderate spa- tial correlation degree. Nutrients distribution of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and hydrolysis nitrogen content decreased gradually from the west to the east. Distribution performance of available phosphorus and available potassium showed the center high and around low. Effective phos- phoras center was broken apart, and available potassium was diffused to fen department of Henan as the center. [ Conclusion] Farmers should fully consider the difference between the bottom soil in the application process, to avoid the average fertilization blindly.