江津县减租退押运动研究

Studies of Rent-reduction and Refund-deposition Movement in Jiangjin County

传统时代的四川乡村存在一个高度发达的土地信贷市场及乡村金融市场。押金与地租之间的关系是土地农业经营与商业投资之间的关系。1950年开展的减租退押与市场化的加押减租完全相反,这场运动对于乡村土地市场及金融市场的打击是致命的。虽然1950年底—1951年初的减租退押具有产权清理和经济退赔的性质,但江津县减租退押胜利果实的绝大部分,通过各种方式分配给了农民,由于1951年江津县新增农业税正好与此果实数相等,所以,可以将减租退押的胜利果实看作是1951年新增农业税之来源。江津县的个案具有全国性的普遍意义,既有的阶级理论值得重新思考。

In the traditional period,there was a highly-developed financial market which included crediting of land in counties of Sichuan Province.The relationship between rent and deposit was the same as land operation and commerce investment.The Rent-reduction and Refund-deposition Movement has a nature of clearing property rights and financial compensation,but most of gains were distributed to peasants.It is inconceivable that the number of gains was equal to the agricultural tax increased in the next year(1951),which means that CCP take the gains return from Land lords as the source of raising agricultural tax.In addition,Chen Yun,who was a Secretariat member of CPC Central Committee,told us that this situation also happened in other regions.