饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Vitamin E Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Blood and Muscle Physiochemical Indexes of Megalobrama amblycephala

为了探讨饲料维生素E添加水平对团头鲂生长性能及血液和肌肉理化指标的影响,本试验挑选360尾健康、平均体重为(45.00±1.50)g的团头鲂,随机分为6组(每组4个重复,每个重复15尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg维生素E的等氮等能试验饲料,试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的增重率和特定生长率均显著提高(P<0.05);25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组的摄食率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性以及甘油三酯含量均显著降低(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);100.0 mg/kg添加组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉中粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05);12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0和200.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的熟肉率显著提高(P<0.05);25.0、50.0和100.0 mg/kg添加组肌肉的滴水损失率显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲料中添加25.0～200.0 mg/kg维生素E可在一定程度上促进团头鲂生长,改善肉质。以增重率为评价指标,经回归方程预测团头鲂饲料中维生素E的适宜添加水平为138.5 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary copper level on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of growing blue foxes. One hundred healthy blue foxes at the age of 55 days were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 20 replicates （10 males and 10 females） per group and 1 fox per replicate. The foxes in the 5 groups （groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ） were fed experimental diets contained 7.89, 20.00, 40.00, 80.00 and 160.00 mg/kg copper, respectively. The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows： 1） the average daily gain in male group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in male group Ⅴ （P〈0.05）, while the feed to gain in male group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in male group Ⅴ （P〈0.05）. The average daily gain in female group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in female group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）, while the feed to gain in female group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. 2） The dry matter （DM） digestibility and the protein digestibility in male group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in male groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ （P〈0.01）, and significantly higher than those in group Ⅳ （P〈0.05）. The fat digestibility of male group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in other male groups （P〈0.01）, and there was no significant difference among other groups in fat digestibility （P〉0.05）. There were no significant differences among female groups in DM and protein digestibility （P〉0.05）. The fat digestibility in female group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in female group Ⅲ （P〈0.01）, and significantly lower than that in female groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ （P〈0.05）. 3） The nitrogen deposition and the net protein utilization in male group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in male group Ⅴ （P〈0.01）. The biological value of protein in male group Ⅴ were significantly lower than that in male groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P〈0.01）. The nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and the biological value of protein in female group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in female group Ⅱ （P〉0.05）, and there were no significant differences among other female groups （P〉0.05）. In conclusion, the nutrient digestibility, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization, and biological value of protein are ideal when the dietary copper level is 40 mg/kg, and the blue foxes can also get the optimal growth performance.