EGFR基因突变检测的临床应用

Clinical Application of Detecting EGFR Mutations

表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）是一种跨膜受体酪氨酸激酶,在许多肿瘤中过表达或发生突变,通过信号转导对癌细胞增殖、凋亡和血管生成具有重要意义,已成为抗肿瘤药物的重要靶点之一.近年来,尤其是肺癌患者中开展该基因突变的检测已逐渐受到重视.掌握EGFR基因突变检测的临床意义,EGFR基因突变检测常用方法以及EGFR基因突变检测常用的样本及其处理,可为其今后在临床中的广泛应用提供更广的前景.

EGFR（epidermal growth factor receptor）is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Mutations that lead to EG- FR overexpression or overactivity have been associated with a number of cancers. Mutations of EGFR could lead to its constant activation,which plays an important role in the proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis of cancerous cells. Recently, the detection of EGFR mutations in lung cancer is paid enough attention. Mastering the test methods and common sample pretreatment could provide valuable insights into its clinical application.