瑜伽操训练对军校学员身心素质综合效应的影响

Effects of yoga exercise on physical and mental qualities of students in military universities in China

目的探讨瑜伽操教学训练对军校学员精神压力和身体素质的影响,为有效提高学员身心综合素质提供参考。方法按最新颁布的《军人体能标准》,选取60名18～22岁的海军全科学员为受试人员,随机分为试验组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),试验组除进行日常军事体能训练外还进行每周1次、每次2h的瑜伽操教学训练,对照组仅进行日常军事体能训练,训练共持续10周。试验前后分别测量两组受试者身高、体质量、体质指数(BMI)、脂肪率、基础代谢率(生物电阻抗法测量)、柔韧度(横劈叉、纵劈叉、立位体前驱测试),并用国际认可的焦虑自评量表(SAS)测试焦虑程度,比较组间差异,分析瑜伽操对学员身心素质的影响。结果通过10周训练,两组学员SAS标准分都有所下降(P<0.01),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.01)。与训练前比较,两组训练后体质量、脂肪率均降低(P<0.01);试验组在增强身体柔韧性上明显好于对照组。结论瑜伽操教学训练有助于缓解军校学员精神压力,提高学员身心综合素质,具有在部队院校普及开展的可行性。

Objective To assess the effect of yoga exercise training on the physical and mental qualities of students in military universities. Methods According to the newly issued Physical Standards for Soldiers, we chose 60 naval general practice students （age 18-22 years） for this study and they were divided into test group （n^30） and control group （n=30）. The test group undertook yoga exercise once a week （two hours each time） for 10 weeks in addition to ordinary military exercises; the control group only undertook ordinary military exercise. The height, body mass, body mass index （BMI）, fat rate, basal metabolic rate （bioelectrical impedance）, flexibility （forward split, cross split and stand trunk bending）, and anxiety level （internationally acknowledged Self-Rating Anxiety Scale [SAS]） were determined and compared between the two groups before and after training. And the effect of yoga exercise on the physical and mental qualities of students was analyzed. Results After ten weeks＇ of training, the SAS scores were significantly decreased in both groups （P〈0.01）, and that of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P〈0. 01）. The BMI and fat rate were significantly decreased in the two groups after training （P 〈0. 01） and the test group had a better body flexibility than the control group. Conclusion Yoga exercise training can help to relieve mental pressure and improve the overall physical and mental qualities of students in military universities, and it is feasible to popularize it in military academies.