新中国初期城市失业治理的历史考察

Dealing with Unemployment in the Early Years of the PRC

新中国成立初期,城市存在诸多社会问题,其中失业问题尤为突出,失业人口主要由失业工人、商业服务行业人员、旧政权遗留之公教人员、城市贫民、家庭妇女等群体构成,为此,中国共产党采取了一系列举措治理城市失业问题,其中临时救济是城市失业治理的首要任务,人口外迁是城市失业治理的重要举措,发展生产是城市失业治理根本路径。城市失业问题的有效治理,快速实现了城市社会的稳定,为把旧中国遗留之消费城市变为社会主义生产城市奠定了坚实的社会基础。

In the early years of the PRC,many social problems tormented the urban areas and the most insidious among them was none other than rampant unemployment.The ranks of the unemployed comprised unemployed workers,commercial sector layoffs,former civil servants and employees of public institutions under the ousted Nationalist government,ghetto inhabitants and unoccupied housewives.The CCP devised a series of measures to cope with this problem,which required temporary relief efforts as well as large scale out-bound relocation of a considerable portion of urban dwellers.Putting people to production is the ultimate solution for unemployment.Effective disposition of urban unemployment quickly restored urban area stability,and pre-1949 consumption-oriented cities left by the old order were successfully transformed into socialist production centers.