我国护理专业学生核心能力研究现状及展望

Current status and prospects of nursing students' core competencies in China: a systematic review

目的:了解我国不同层次护理专业学生核心能力研究的现况,为继续开展理论及实证研究提供依据,并为护理教育模式的进一步研究与完善提供参考。方法:对中国生物医学文献数据库(1978-2012年)、中国期刊全文数据库(1994-2012年)及中文科技期刊数据库(1989-2012年)收录的有关护理专业学生核心能力的文献进行检索并分析。结果:共检出相关文献44篇,其中大专及其以下、本科、硕士研究生分别占8、12、14篇。大专护理专业学生核心能力维度为4～7个不等,本科及硕士研究生核心能力构成趋于一致,但较笼统,未显现不同层次间的差异性。结论:①不同学历层次的护理教育者应结合临床实践,依据病人的需求,并从各层次学生核心能力间的差别着手,进行核心能力研究;②我国应借鉴国外先进和成熟的模式,在研究方法、内容等方面进行创新与突破。

Objective： To understand the current research situation of nursing students＇ core competence in China's Mainland,and to explore development trends,which will provide evidence for nursing education.Methods： The following databases were searched： Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（1978-2012）,China Academic Journal database（1994-2012）,Chinese Science and Technology journals database（1989-2012） using the terms nurse,student/nurse,competence-based education.Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.Results： Forty-four papers were included,of which the subjects about associate degree and below,undergraduate and postgraduate students respectively account for 8,12,14 papers.Eight papers related to associate degree and below students put out 4 to 7 dimensions of core competencies,and have a huge difference.Competencies of undergraduate and postgraduate have a consistent characteristic,but the weight of each competence domain and content were not specific.Conclusion： Educators of different levels should conduct research about competencies based on the actual work and clinical position,and pay attention to the differences of dimension and requirements among each level.Also,we should make some improvements in methodology,content and so on.