中国西部四省15种野生百合花粉形态研究

Pollen Morphology Observation of 15 Wild Lilies from Four Provinces in Western China

利用扫描电镜对中国西部陕西、四川、甘肃和云南等4省15种野生百合花粉进行了系统观察和比较分析,结果表明:(1)除玫红百合(Lilium amoenum)为钝四角形四合花粉外,其它14种野生百合均为具单萌发沟的椭球形或长椭球形单粒花粉,但外壁纹饰差异较大;(2)聚类分析表明,野百合(Lilium brownii)、百合(Lilium brownii var.viridulum)、泸定百合(Lilium sargentiae)、岷江百合(Lilium regale)、宜昌百合(Lilium leucanthum)、紫脊百合(Lilium leucanthum var.centifolium)、淡黄花百合(Lilium sulphureum)、川百合(Lilium davidii)和卷丹(Lilium lancifolium)聚为第1类群;滇百合(Lilium bakerianum)、山丹(Lilium pumilum)、紫斑百合(Lilium nepalense)、宝兴百合(Lilium duchartrei)和兰州百合(Lilium danidiivar.unicolor)聚为第2类群;玫红百合(Lilium amoenum)为第3类群,聚类结果总体上支持形态学分类结果;(3)玫红百合(L.amoenum)具四合花粉,明显区别于其它野生百合种,综合形态学、地理分布、孢粉学资料及聚类分析结果,建议将其重新建立成为百合属钟花组中的一个亚组。

Pollen morphology of 15 wild lily species from Shaanxi,Sichuan,Gansu and Yunnan in the west of China were examined by the scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that（：1）The pollen grain of all the lilies are ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal with single germinal furrow except Lilium amoenum,however,the differences of exine ornamentation are significant;（2）L. brownie,L. brownii var. viridulum,L. sargentiae,L. regale,L. leucanthum,L. leucanthum var. centifolium,L. sulphureum,L. davidii and L. lancifolium clustered in the first group and L. bakerianum,L. pumilum,L. nepalense,L. duchartrei and L. danidii var. unicolor belonged to the second group while L. amoenum formed a distinct group using clustering analysis which is accordance with the morphological classification;（3）L. amoenum is obvious different from the others due to its tetrads,therefore L. amoenum is probable to form a subgroup belonging to Sect. Lophophorum based on the comprehensive consideration of morphology,distribution and phytopalynology.