摘要
对采自钱塘江口沿岸滩涂(E 30°15',N 121°27')的弹涂鱼(Periophthalmus modestus)进行了繁殖特征和早期发育研究。弹涂鱼的个体绝对繁殖力(F)为1 432~2 978粒,平均1 998粒;体长相对繁殖力(FL)为36~62粒/mm,平均45粒/mm;体重相对繁殖力(FW)为528~1 530粒/g,平均864粒/g(n=83)。雌鱼性体指标(GSI)为8.47%~25.39%,平均14.49%(n=83);雄鱼GSI为0.10%~0.57%,平均0.25%(n=76)。弹涂鱼的成熟卵为沉性黏着性卵,有黏着丝,卵径(0.42±0.01)mm(n=500);受精卵椭球形,长径(0.75±0.02)mm,短径(0.56±0.03)mm,长短径比例0.74±0.03(n=300);受精卵为端黄卵,胚盘形成于动物极,作盘状卵裂。胚胎发育可划分为29个发育时相,在(27±0.5)℃、盐度10和pH 7.8±0.3条件下,经历124.13 h孵出仔鱼,所需的积温达3 351.34 h.℃。初孵仔鱼全长(2.17±0.09)mm(n=9),器官发育完善,胸鳍和鳔等器官已形成,眼睛有大量黑色素沉积,心率达(154.33±5.87)次/min(n=20)。实验条件下,初孵仔鱼投喂褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)培育至23 d。3~4 d龄卵黄囊已完全吸收,进入后期仔鱼;7 d龄,脊椎骨开始弯曲,消化管呈折型;11 d龄,尾鳍开始分化,尾椎骨开始上翘,上颌出现牙齿;15 d龄,下颌出现牙齿;23 d龄,尾鳍鳍条发育完整,除第一背鳍外,其他各鳍已形成。幼鱼在培育过程中出现了两个死亡高峰期,第一个高峰出现在仔鱼孵化后5~7 d龄的开口期,第二个高峰则出现在20~23 d龄的变态期。
This paper describes the reproductive characteristics, embryonic and post-embryonic development of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus) from Qiantang River Estuary (E 3015', N 12127'). Fertilized eggs were obtained through a semi-dry artificial fertilization method and were cultured in constant temperature in seawater with weak aeration. Embryonic development of mudskipper was characterized by continual viviperception. The results indicated that the individual absolute fecundity (F) ranged from 1 432 to 2 978 eggs, with an average of 1 998 eggs (n=83). The individual relative fecundity per millimeter (FL) ranged from 36 to 62 eggs (average 45 eggs) and the individual relative fecundity per gram (FW) ranged from 528 to 1 530 eggs (average 864 eggs) (n=83). The Gonadosomatic Indexes (GSI) for females and males were 8.47%-25.39% (average 14.49%, n=83) and 0.10%-0.57% (average 0.25%, n=76), respectively. The fertilized eggs were demersal with adhesive filaments and elliptical in shape (0.750.02 mm and 0.560.03 mm in long-axis and short-axis diameter, respectively, n=300). At the water temperature of 270.5℃, salinity of 10 and pH of 7.80.3, the embryonic development required 124.13 h and the accumulated temperature was up to 3 351.51 h℃. Before the larvae were hatched, the organs had already differentiated normally, such as distinct gut, visible anus, air bladder elliptical in shape, and melanophore of eyes. The heart rate could be up to 154.335.87 per minute (n=20). Newly hatched larvae (2.170.09 mm in total length, n=9) possessed a yolk sac (0.98-1.87 mm in diameter, n=9). The larvae completely absorbed the yolk and started feeding at the third to fourth day after hatching at the water temperature of 270.5℃; eleven days after hatching, the tail notochord of larvae became askew up; the upper and lower jaw teeth occurred at eleven and fifteen days after hatching, respectively; twenty-three days after hatching, all fins except the first dorsal fin had been formed. At the whole course, the larvae were feeding on rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) with the size 0.038-0.074 mm. There were two death peaks, the first was five to seven days after hatching, which was caused by the inability of larvae to eat food, and the second was twenty to twenty-three days after hatching, which was caused by failure of the larvae in the period of metamorphosis to adapt to their environment and the lack of suitable food.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期497-506,共10页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201203065)
上海市教委E-研究院项目(No.E03009)
上海市重点学科建设项目(No.S30701)
关键词
繁殖力
胚胎发育
胚后发育
弹涂鱼
钱塘江口
Fecundity
Embryonic development
Post-embryonic development
Mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus)
Qiantang River Estuary