鄱阳湖都昌候鸟自然保护区丰水期和枯水期鸟类多样性

The Bird Species Diversity in Flood Period and Low Water Period in Duchang Migratory Bird Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake

2009年12月和2010年5月,利用样线法和同步调查法对江西省鄱阳湖都昌候鸟自然保护区的鸟类开展了调查,分析了丰水期和枯水期鸟类群落结构的特征及其差异。野外调查共记录到鸟类14目43科169种。丰水期鸟类有36科96种,枯水期鸟类36科135种。其中,国家重点保护鸟类17种。结合保护区日常监测到白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、灰鹤(G.grus)、白头鹤(G.monacha)和白枕鹤(G.vipio)的分布记录,该保护区鸟类累计达173种。保护区枯水期鸟类以雀形目、鸻形目和雁形目为主,分别占枯水期鸟类种类总数的47.4%、13.3%和9.6%;丰水期鸟类以雀形目、鸻形目和鹳形目为主,分别占鸟类种类总数的58.3%、8.3%和10.4%。枯水期和丰水期鸟类物种组成存在明显的季节性变换。枯水期农田生境鸟类多样性最高,其次是草洲、沼泽和水体,泥滩生境鸟类多样性最低;丰水期农田和水体生境鸟类多样性基本相同。都昌候鸟自然保护区枯水期的优势种为八哥(Acridotheres cristatellus)、白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、灰椋鸟(Sturnus cineraceus)、麻雀(Passer montanus)和山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis),丰水期为白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和八哥。

We conducted a field survey on bird community structure in Dec. 2009 （flood period） and May 2010 （lower water period） by using transect method and simultaneous survey methods in Duchang Migratory Birds Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province. We totally recorded 169 bird species belonging to 43 families of 14 orders, 17 species of them listed as national protected species. In addition 4 species, Siberian Crane （Grus leucogeranus）, Common Crane （G.grus）, Hooded Crane （G.monacha） and White-naped Crane （G.vipio） was recorded by the nature reserve administration during routine monitoring.The dominant birds recorded in the lower water period were species belonging to Passeriformes （47.4%）, Charadriiformes （13.3%）, and Anseriforms （9.6%）. While in the flood period, birds species in Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, and Anseriforms were dominant ones and took 58.3%, 8.3% and 10.4% of the recorded species, respectively. The bird community structure changed obviously between the two periods. The highest bird diversity was recorded in crop land in the lower water period. While in flood period, the bird diversity index in crop land was as same as that in the open water. The dominant birds in the lower water period were Acridotheres cristatellus, Pycnonotus sinensis, Sturnus cineraceus, Passer montanus, and Streptopelia orientalis. Egretta garzetta and Acridotheres cristatellus were dominance in the flood period.