天然黄檗不同季节主要生物碱含量差异的研究

Content variance of main alkaloids in natural Phellodendron amurense among different seasons

次生代谢产物小檗碱、掌叶防己碱和药根碱是黄檗中重要的药用生物碱,本研究在吉林省5个林业局选取了65株不同年龄的天然黄檗,利用反相高效液相色谱法研究了黄檗多器官中3种生物碱含量的季节差异。结果表明:小檗碱在根皮、多年生枝、当年生枝和叶中的季节差异显著,各器官中小檗碱含量夏季最低(叶除外);叶中小檗碱含量,在各个龄组均表现为从春到秋含量依次升高,变化幅度在0.017～0.124mg/g之间;小檗碱在根皮中最高,平均值达到24.27mg/g,其余依次是茎皮、多年生枝皮、当年生枝和叶片。掌叶防己碱在根皮、茎皮、当年生枝、叶和幼龄阶段的多年生枝皮中的季节差异显著,秋季含量最高(叶除外);叶中掌叶防己碱含量,在各个龄组均表现为春季最高;掌叶防己碱在茎皮中含量最多,平均值为7.02mg/g,其余含量由大到小依次是多年生枝皮、根皮、当年生枝和叶。药根碱在茎皮、多年生枝皮、当年生枝、叶和成熟阶段的根皮中的季节差异显著,多数器官夏季含量最低;叶中药根碱含量,在各个龄组均表现为春季最高;药根碱在各个器官中的分布规律与小檗碱一致,根皮中含量最高,平均值为0.84mg/g,其余含量由大到小依次是茎皮、多年生枝、当年生枝叶。

Secondary metabolites of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine are important medicinal alkaloids from amur cork tree （ Phellodendron amurense） , we sampled 65 natural trees of different ages in 5 forestry bureaus of Jilin Province, northeastern China. The variations of three alkaloid contents in organs were analyzed among different seasons with RP-HPLC. The results were shown as follows： the berberine contents of root, perennial branch, annual branch and leaf existed significant variance with the season changing, and the content values of root, perennial branch and annual branch reached minimum in summer basically, the berberine content of leaf increased from spring to autumn at all 3 age phases, and the variance ranged between 0. 017 and 0. 124 mg/g, the berberine content sequence of organs was root （24.27 mg/g in average）, trunk, perennial branch, annual branch and leaf; the palmatine content of root, trunk, annual branch, leaf and the perennial branch in juvenile phase got the significant seasonal variance, the content of root, trunk, annual branch and the perennial branch in juvenile phase reached the maximum value in autumn coincidently, the palmatine content of leaves got the maximum value in all 3 age phases in spring, and the organ content sequence of palmatine was trunk （7.02 mg/g in average ） , perennial branch, root, annual branch; the jatrorrhizine content of trunk, perennial branch, annualbranch, leaf and root in mature age phase had the significant seasonal variance, the content of most organs （except leaf） got the maximum value in summer, the jatrorrhizine content of leaf reached the maximum in spring in all 3 age phases, and the organ content sequence of jatrorrhizine was root （0. 84 mg/g） , trunk, perennial branch, annual branch and leaf.