京承高速公路岩石边坡植被重建3年期群落特征分析

Population characteristics on revegetation of Jingcheng Highway rock slope in the third recovery year

以京承高速公路(三期)为例,调查分析了不同类型岩石边坡人工植被重建3年期的群落特征,以期探明主要立地因子对边坡植被恢复的影响以及植被恢复的阶段性特征。主要结论如下:边坡人工植被总盖度达到80%以上时,土石坡>岩石坡,阴坡>阴阳坡>阳坡,缓坡>陡坡,不同类型边坡之间分盖度比总盖度的差异显著性更明显,乔灌木层分盖度随阳坡—阴阳坡—阴坡的坡向改变呈逐渐增加趋势,草本层则相反;边坡植被群落特征受立地条件影响明显,乔灌木层以胡枝子、紫穗槐为优势种,刺槐为亚优势种,草本层以沙打旺、狗尾草为主,胡枝子在阴坡优势更突出,紫穗槐则在阳坡表现更好,沙打旺在缓坡优势突出,狗尾草则在陡坡更突出;人工植被物种多样性受边坡类型影响较大,物种多样性与优势度相反,优势种突出的边坡类型多样性指数较低,岩性和朝向对植被特征及养护措施影响最为明显。

To understand the effects of site factors on plant populations of revegetation, plant populations of 3 years revegetation on rock slope were investigated in Jingeheng Highway, northern China. Results were showed as followings： 1 ） Total vegetation coverage in Jingeheng Highway slope reached above 80%. Difference significance of total coverage among different slope types was not as significant as that between individual category coverage. Coverage of trees and shrubs was increasing according to the following pattern： soil and rock slope 〉 rock slope, shady slope 〉 intermediate slope 〉 sunny slope, gentle slope 〉 steep slope. Coverage of trees and shrubs was increasing with slope pattern： sunny slope-intermediate slope-shady slope. For herbaceous plant, the pattern was reversed. 2） Site factors affected plant populations of revegetation obviously. For trees and shrubs category, Ailanthus altissima and Amorpha fruticosa were major plant species following by Robinia pseudoacacia. A. altissima had superiority in growing in shady slope, while A. fruticosa in sunny slope. For herbaceous plant, Astragalus adsurgens and Setaira viridis were the major species. A. adsurgens grew better in gentle slope, while S. viridis in steep slope. 3） Plant diversity of revegetation was affected by slope types. Plant diversity was negatively related to plant growing superiority. Slopes with leading growing superiority plant species showed lower plant diversity. Slope base types and sunlight factors were crucial to plant population characteristics and management responses.