集中空调环境中人群不适症状及影响因素

Uncomfortable symptoms and influencing factors among population working in environment with central air conditioning system

目的了解集中空调通风系统环境中人群不适症状及影响因素。方法于2011年10月-2012年12月随机选取深圳市13家公共场所（医院、写字楼、宾馆、大型商场、旅店）1231名从业人员就空调病相关症状发生情况及影响因素进行问卷调查和分析。结果疲劳嗜睡的发生率最高，为52．3％（644／1231），其次为头晕头痛、注意力不集中、背部或关节疼痛、食欲减退，发生率分别为48．2％（593／1231）、46．1％（557／1231）、45．1％（555／1231）、29．9％（368／1231），恶心呕吐感最低，为16．0％（197／1231）。女性（OR=1．964，95％CI：1．425～2．707）、吸烟（OR=4．259，95％C1：3．163—5．734）、文化程度较高（OR=6．895，95％CI：1．199—39．640）者空调病相关症状发生率较高，而经常运动者发生空调病相关症状的风险较小（OR=0．569，95％CI：0．402—0．804）。结论本次调查的集中空调通风系统环境中一定比例的从业人员存在空调病相关症状，应关注女性、吸烟、文化程度较高从业人员的健康状况。

Objective To explore the uncomfortable symptoms and influencing factors among population working in environment with central air conditioning system. Methods sick building syndrome-related symptoms and influencing factors among 1231 individuals working in 13 public places with central air conditioning system randomly selected in Shenzhen were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire during October 2011-December 2012. Results The highest incidence rate was 52.3% （644/1231） for fatigue and sleepiness, followed by dizziness and headache, inability to concentrate, back or joint pain, loss of appetite, whose rates were 48.2% （593/1231）, 46.1% （557/1231）, 45.1% （555/1231）, 29.9% （368/1231）, while the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting was the lowest for 16.0%（197/1231）. Women （0R=1.964, 95% CI=1.425-2.707）, smoking （0R=4.259, 95% CI=3.163-5.734）, a higher educational level （0R=6.895, 95% CI=1.199-39.640） were reported a higher incidence of uncomfortable symptoms, while regular exercise showed less risk （0R=0.569, 95% C1=0.402-0.804）. Conclusions Some of the employed persons, especially in women, smoking people, with higher educational level ,working in the environment with central air conditioning system have air-condition diseases related symptoms in the investigated public places in Shenzhen.