阿尔茨海默病及其微生态防治的相关研究进展

Alzheimer′s disease and its microecological control: related research progress

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's Disease,AD)是一种进行性中枢神经系统退行性疾病,是威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一。目前尚无特效治疗方法可以逆转本病的病情进展,但针对病因和发病机制有一些治疗方法,对延缓患者生活质量的迅速减退有一定疗效。随着微生态学研究的进展,发现口服益生菌可以:(1)促进肠道菌群产生更多的外源性多胺(包括腐胺、精脒和精胺)。多胺一方面可以抑制炎症因子的产生,另一方面其抗诱变剂和抗氧化的特性可以减缓DNA的损伤、端粒的缩短,从而延缓衰老;(2)降低全身炎症因子的活性,最终提高色氨酸和脑衍生神经营养因子的水平,有助于抑郁症及认知功能障碍疾病的预防和早期治疗。

Alzheimer′s Disease（AD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system,and is one of the important diseases that threaten human health.Currently,no specific treatment can reverse the progression of AD.Nevertheless,there are some treatments aimed at AD＇s etiology and pathogenesis to defer the rapid decline in living quality of patients.With the development of microecologic studies,it has been discovered that oral probiotics：（1） could promote intestinal flora to produce more exogenous polyamines including putrescine（PUT）,spermidine（SPD）,and spermine（SPM）.On the one hand,polyamines（PAs） can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines;on the other hand,the antimutagenic and antioxidative properties of PAs may prevent DNA damage and telomere shortening.As a result,PAs suppress the inflammaging,which promotes longevity.（2） could reduce the activity of systemic inflammatory cytokines and ultimately lead to an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor,which contributes to the prevention and early stage treatment of depression and cognitive disorders.