行距和行向对不同密度玉米群体田间小气候和产量的影响

Effects of different combinations of planting density, row spacing and row direction on field microclimatic conditions and grain yield of maize

"浚单20"是目前我国种植面积较大的紧凑性高产玉米品种为充分发挥该品种在安徽种植区域的高产潜力,开展了种植密度行距和行向三者相配置的田间试验,在60 000株.hm 2和67 500株.hm 2两种种植密度下,研究了不同行距和行向对"浚单20"的田间小气候和玉米产量的影响结果表明:随着行距增大,玉米群体内部的日均风速和日均光照强度逐渐增大,累计积温和日均相对湿度则呈下降趋势在同一种植密度和行距条件下,东西行向种植比南北行向种植的玉米群体日均风速较大日均光照强度较高累计积温较低和日均相对湿度较小,且产量高同一种植行向,不同种植密度和行距配置条件下,玉米产量差异达显著水平(P<0.05)其中种植密度为60 000株.hm 2,东西行向种植,行距为50 cm时,玉米群体结构较为合理,所形成的田间小气候较有利于"浚单20"的生长发育,籽粒产量达到10 582.5 kg.hm 2通过研究阐明了行距行向和密度三者不同配置所形成的田间小气候与玉米产量形成的关系,为提高"浚单20"

Corn production is critical for food security in China.The lack of coordination between corn varieties and cultivation techniques has often resulted in low production.＂Xundan 20＂ is a compact and high-yield corn variety with large planting area.It has been recommended as a suitable variety for cultivation in Anhui Province by China’s Ministry of Agriculture.To realize the full yield potential of ＂Xundan 20＂ in Anhui Province,the effects of different configuration of planting density,row spacing and row direction on field microclimatic conditions and grain yield formation were studied.The results suggested that increasing maize plant row spacing increased daily average wind speed and illumination.Also increasing maize plant row spacing decreased accumulated temperature and daily average relative humidity.Under the same density and row spacing,daily average wind speed and illumination in east-west planting patterns were higher than those in south-north planting patterns.However,accumulated temperature and daily average relative humidity showed the opposite trends for the planting pattern directions.Grain yield of east-west planting patterns was higher than that of south-north planting patterns.Under the same row direction,corn grain yield was significantly different under different planting densities and row spacing.Under planting density of 60 000 plants·hm^-2,optimal population structure was established at row spacing of 50 cm and the east-west row direction,and corn grain yield reached 10 582.5 kg·hm^-2.Concurrently,field microclimatic factors such as temperature,humidity,light intensity and wind speed were well coordinated.This study provided basic guiding principles for improved cultivation of ＂Xundan 20＂ in Anhui Province of China.