覆膜沟灌条件下不同水氮处理对番茄产量与品质的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen on yield and fruit quality of tomato under furrow irrigation and plastic film mulching cultivation

通过田间试验,研究了覆膜沟灌条件下不同水氮处理对番茄产量与品质的影响,旨在探讨西北旱区覆膜沟灌条件下番茄的水肥调控模式,以达到节水、增产、高效与优质的目的。结果表明:采用85%对照灌水量处理(CK)对番茄市场产量(≥60g)无显著影响,而65%和45%对照灌水量处理则减产明显;采用3/4当地施肥量(CK)处理对番茄总产量与市场产量影响不显著;减少灌水量处理显著增加番茄的果色指数与硬度,提高可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,降低有机酸含量;施氮量对番茄可溶性固形物、有机酸含量影响不显著,但减少施氮量增加可溶性糖含量;番茄维生素C含量随灌水量与施肥量的降低呈现先增加而后降低的趋势。综合考虑产量、品质及水分利用效率(WUE),本研究认为采用416.76mm(85%CK)灌水量及117.6kg·hm2(3/4CK)纯氮施用量,为西北旱区覆膜沟灌种植条件下适宜的水肥调控模式。

An experiment was conducted in 2012 to acquire the optimal adjustment modes of water and nitrogen for tomato under furrow irrigation and plastic film mulching cultivation in arid regions of Northwest China. The results showed that the 85 % of CK irrigation caused no significant effect on the yield of tomato, but the 65 % or 45 % of CK irrigation decreased the yield significantly. The 3/4 of CK nitrogen application produced no significant impact on the total and market yield of tomato. The fruit color index, firmness, SSC and soluble sugar content increased, but the organic acid content decreased as the irrigation water decreased. The results also indicated that different nitrogen application rates produced no effect on the SSC and organic acid content. However, the soluble sugar content increased when the nitrogen application was decreased. With the irrigation and nitrogen decreasing, the vitamin C content showed a rising trend firstly, and then decreased. Considering the yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency （WUE） comprehensively, the combination of 416.76 mm irrigation water （85% of CK） and 117.6 kg＇hm-2 pure nitrogen application （3/4 of CK） was an optimal combination for high yield and high quality of tomato under furrow irrigation and plastic film mulching cultivation, which might be recommended in the arid regions of Northwest China.