旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应

Effects of whole film mulching with soil covering and bunch plantng on soil water in field of dry-land wheat

采用田间小区试验研究了旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应。结果表明，小麦生长前期，不同层次土壤含水量均表现为全膜覆土穴播〉膜侧沟播〉露地条播；拔节～孕穗期0～20cm土壤含水量全膜覆土穴播较露地条播提高4．6—5．2个百分点，而膜侧沟播较露地条播提高2．2～2．3个百分点；1m土壤贮水量，全膜覆土穴播较露地条播增加29．0．48．0mm，而膜侧沟播较露地条播增加12．9～20．4mm。全膜覆土穴播技术大幅度提高了小麦农田降水利用率和水分利用效率，使降水利用率最高达到74．1％，平均降水利用率达到71．0％；使小麦水分利用效率最高达到19．58kg·mm-1·hm-2，平均达到18．33kg·mm-1·hm-2，在旱作小麦农田降水高效利用方面取得了重大突破。

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different film mulching modes on soil water in field of dry-land wheat. The results showed that, during the early growing season of wheat, the soil water content in different layers was consistently ordered as： whole film mulching with soil covering and bunch planting （WFM） 〉 furrow planting beside film （FPF） 〉 no-mulching cultivation （CK）. During jointing to booting stage, the soil water content in 0 - 20 cm layer under WFM and FPF was increased by 4.6 % - 5.2 % and 2.2 % - 2.3 % respectively, compared with that under CK; the soil water storage in 1 m layer under WFM and FPF was increased by 29.0-48.0 mm and 12.9- 20.4 mm respectively, compared with that under CK. The technology of WFM also increased rainfall use rate and water use efficiency remarkably. The highest and average rainfall use rate under WFM was 74.1% and 71.0% respectively, and the highest and average water use efficiency under WFM was 19.58 kg·mm-1·hm-2 and 18.33 kg·mm-1·hm-2 respectively. Therefore, it made a key breakthrough for highly efficient rainwater utilization in the field of dry-land wheat.