高寒地区日光温室延后栽培红地球葡萄的光合特性

Photosynthetic characteristics of “Red Globe” grape under delayed cultivation in greenhouse in alpine region

以高原高寒地区日光温室延后栽培红地球葡萄为试材,研究了其在果实膨大期、转色期和成熟期光合特性和叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:不同物候期红地球葡萄净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线变化趋势,有光合午休现象;从果实膨大期、转色期到成熟期,Pn日变化的峰值和均值逐渐降低;膨大期和成熟期Pn午休主要是非气孔限制所致,转色期Pn午休主要是气孔限制引起;日光温室延后葡萄栽培可以极大地提高葡萄WUE,冬季低温季节表现更明显;Chla、Chlb和Chl(a+b)含量均为膨大期>转色期>成熟期,成熟期Chlb表现显著下降;Pn同Chlb呈显著正相关关系。

In fruit enlargement, colouring and maturity period, the changes of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll contents in ＂Red Globe＂ grape were studied under delayed cultivation in greenhouse in alpine region. The resuits showed that the diurnal variation of Pn appeared as double-peak curve and there was a ＂noon break＂ phenomenon in all phenophases. The peak and average value of diumal Pn reduced gradually from fruit enlargement, colouring to maturity period. The ＂noon break＂ phenomenon in fruit enlargement and maturity period was mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation, but that in colouring period was mainly caused by stomatal limitation. Delayed cultivation in greenhouse could remarkably increase WUE of grape, which was more effective when the temperature was low in winter. The contents of Chla, Chlb and Chl （a ＋ b） were wholly ordered as ： enlargement period 〉 colouring period 〉 maturity period, and the content of Chlb reduced significantly in maturity period. There was a significant positive relationship between Pn and Chl b content.