2294名学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态调查分析

Investigation of the development of refraction and visual acuity in 2294 preschoolers

目的了解深圳市3～6岁学龄前儿童视力发育情况。方法在2012年3—12月深圳市幼儿园视力普查中随机抽取10所幼儿园，对其中3～6岁学龄前儿童的视力、动态屈光检查结果进行分析。结果市区幼儿园儿童2294名4588只眼完成视力检查，其中3～6岁组的视力分别为（0．56±0．13），（0．79±0．15），（0．84±0．16），（0．91±0．17）。视力异常258人，视力异常率为11．25％。不同性别儿童视力筛查异常率差异无统计学意义（P=0．986），不同年龄儿童视力筛查异常率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．170）。不同年龄组儿童的屈光状态异常率差异有统计学意义（P=0．013）。结论学龄前是儿童的视力不断发育、屈光状态逐步正视化的过程，在幼儿园开展视力筛查，对早期发现儿童视力异常，采取早期干预措施具有重要意义。

【Objective】To investigate the development of visual acuity of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years.【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was performed on the development of refraction and visual acuity of the preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years. Ten kindergartens were randomLy selected from urban district in the Shenzhen area from March to December 2012.【Resluts】4588 eyes of 2294 children were examined in the study. The visual acuity of the 3 to 6 age groups were (0.56±0.13),(0.79±0.15), (0.84±0.16) and (0.91±0.17),respectively.The ratio of visual acuity error was 11.25%(258 children).There was no significant difference between the boys and girls(P=0.986), and the differences among the groups were no statistically significant(P=0.170). And the differences of the refractive status error among groups were statistically significant(P=0.013)。【Conclusion】Hyperopic refractive error gradually decreases with an increase of age during the 3rd to 6th years.The norm of the visual acuity shows a slow rise during this period. It is necessary to check the visual acuity of preschoolers,to find latent problems,so as to offer evidences for early intervention.