关于词类多功能性的思考

A Reflection on the Multi-functionality of Parts of Speech

从现代汉语词类多功能现象出发,以跨语言比较和认知语言学为视角对词类多功能性的研究表明,范畴是语言描写的需要,其具有相对性,体现在语音、语义、词汇和语法各个方面;在词类问题上其表现为,词类多功能性是一种跨语言普遍现象,其本质是范畴的灵活性。因此,能否对词类多功能性作出合理的解释,既是检验词类划分标准合适与否的关键,又是普通语言学研究的需要,而这些问题的解决必须以高度重视语言和言语的关系为前提。

With the multifunctionality of parts of speech in modern Chinese as point of departure, a study from the perspectives of cross linguistic comparison and cognitive linguistics shows that linguistic category is a necessity for language description and its nature is the relativity which is manifested at different levels of lan guage such as phonetics, semantics, vocabulary, and grammar. The manifestation of these features in terms of word classes lies in the fact that the multifunctionality of parts of speech is universal in world＇ s languages and it is flexible in nature. Therefore, whether the multifunctionality of parts of speech can be well dealt with or not is both the key to choosing classifying criterion for word classes and the requirement of the researches in gener al linguistics. All the solutions to these problems require that the relationship between language and speech should be emphasized.