花生豆象的潜在威胁和检疫地位

Potential threat and quarantine status of the groundnut beetle Caryedon serratus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in China

【背景】花生豆象原产于非洲,目前已扩散至北美洲、亚洲和大洋洲,为害多种农作物,是重要的仓储害虫,1992年曾被列入《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫危险性病、虫、杂草名录》。但2007年颁布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》未包括花生豆象,原因可能是该虫已在我国云南等地发生。【方法】通过检视我国检疫部门截获的标本、核对"云南花生豆象"相关研究资料,说明花生豆象的鉴定特征,并使用CLIMEX3.0对其在我国的适生区进行预测分析。【结果】我国报道花生豆象的发生缘于我国酸角豆象的鉴定错误。花生豆象的外部形态与酸角豆象极为相似,但通过生殖器特征可以明确鉴定并区分这2种害虫。我国多个花生主产区是花生豆象的适生区,花生豆象一旦入侵,就会给我国的花生生产造成极大的损失。【结论与意义】花生豆象入侵我国的风险大,建议将其增补为中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物。

[ Background] The groundnut beetle Caryedon serratus （Olivier） （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） is a bruchid native to Africa. It spread with groundnut cultivation to North America, Asia and Oceania; it is also a major stored-product pest. In 1992, it was listed on the Catalogue of Quarantine Pests for Import Plants to the People＇s Republic of China, but by 2007, it was no longer listed, probably because the species has been found in Yunnan Province. [ Method ] The morphological characteristics of C. serratus were described by checking intercepted specimens in the collection of the Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau and by collec- ting published information on the ＂ Groundnut bruehid of Yunnan＂. We also determined the potential distribution of C. serratus in China by using the climate matching program CLIMEX3.0. [ Result ] The groundnut bruchid reported from Yunnan Province proved to be not C. serratus but C. gongra, which is a similar species but native to China. The two species can be correctly identified using genital morphological characters. The main groundnut producing areas of China are all suitable for C. serratus, thus once the species invades, groundnut is expected to suffer great damage. [ Conclusion and significance] C. serratus is a species of high invasion risk, and it is necessary to re-list C. serratus in the Catalogue of Quarantine Pest for Import Plants to the PRC.