麦蚜寄生蜂和捕食性天敌种群对景观复杂性的响应

Response of parasitoids and predators of cereal aphids to landscape complexity

农业景观结构影响昆虫的物种组成与多样性,本文选择复杂景观和简单景观的麦田景观为研究对象,研究了不同麦田景观结构对麦蚜天敌种群的影响。在简单与复杂两种景观下,分析了麦蚜寄生蜂和捕食性天敌的迁入时间、迁入量、种群增长率及种群密度之间的差异。结果表明:复杂景观中麦蚜寄生蜂和捕食性天敌的物种多样性较高,复杂景观下寄生蜂的迁入量高于简单景观下寄生蜂的迁入量。景观复杂性同样影响捕食性天敌的迁入时间,且捕食性天敌在复杂景观下迁入量均高于简单景观,而且存在显著性差异。两种景观中寄生蜂和捕食性天敌种群增长速率与最大种群密度均存在显著性差异。

The agricultural landscape greatly affects insect species composition and diversity. In this study, two agricultural landscapes, one complex and the other simple, were selected to analyze the effects of landscape complexity on the species diversity and dynamics of natural enemies of the cereal aphid. Immigration periods, the number of immigrants, population growth rate, and maximum population density were analyzed in the simple and complex agricultural landscapes. Species diversity of natural enemies was found to be greater in the complex landscape than that in the simple landscape. Natural enemies in the complex landscape exerted effective control on cereal aphids. The numbers of immigrating parasitoids in the complex landscape were higher than those in the simple landscape. Predators of cereal aphids displayed similar trends and the differences between landscapes were significant. Population growth rates and the maximum population densities of parasitoids and predators were significantly different between simple and complex landscapes.