橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇人工饲料的优化

Optimization of artificial diets for mass rearing of Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera tau

在温度25～28℃、相对湿度70％～75％和光照周期L：D=14：10条件下进行了人工大量饲养橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）和瓜实蝇B．cucurbitae（Coquillett）成虫人工饲料配方的筛选试验。结果显示，1：2重量比例混合的蔗糖和啤酒酵母是饲养这2种果实蝇的最佳成虫人工饲料，用其饲养的单雌产卵量、产卵期和孵化率分别为424．16～445．75粒，30．90—31．87d，74．60％～75．40％。同时，对18种由不同配方配制成的幼虫人工饲料饲养橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇B．tart（Walker）的效果进行了比较。结果表明，玉米和麦麸作为饲料的介质优于麦片和麦麸。橘小实蝇幼虫人工饲料的优化配方为：玉米＋麦麸（125g＋25g），蔗糖25g，啤酒酵母25g，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0．9g，1mol／L盐酸4mL，纸巾4g，自来水300mL；用其幼虫人工饲料饲养该虫的生物学参数包括子代孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率和平均蛹重分别为81．17％±0．05％，96．41％±0．02％，94．85％±0．01％与（19．40±0．08）mg。而瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇幼虫人工饲料的优化配方为：玉米＋麦麸（100g＋50g），蔗糖30g，啤酒酵母25g，以及一定量的其他组分（同上）；用其饲料饲养这2种果实蝇的相关参数：子代孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率和平均蛹重分别为78．50％±0．04％与76．96％±0．12％，95．73％±0．03％与94．69％±0．02％，94．57％±0．02％与95．82％±0．03％，（18．62±0．23）mg与（22．83±1．38）mg。试验证实，优化后的成、幼虫人工饲料具有饲养效果好、方法简便，配方材料来源广泛和价格低廉等优点，可用于室内人工大量饲养上述3种果实蝇属害虫。

Artificial diets for adult Bactrocera dorsalis （Hendel） and B. cucurbitae （Coquillett） were evaluated in the laboratory at 25 -28℃ , 70% -75% RH and a L： D ratio of 14： 10. A mixture of 1 part sucrose to 2 parts beer yeast by weight was the optimum artificial diet for adults of these two species. The egg quantity per female, egg-laying stage and hatching rate were 424.16 - 445.75 individuals, 30.90 - 31.87 days and 74.60% - 75.40% , respectively. The effects of rearing larvae of B. dorsalis, B. cucurbitae and B. tau （Walker） on 18 different artificial diet formulae were compared. Corn and wheat bran mixtures were found to be better than oatmeal and wheat bran. The optimal formula for an artificial diet for rearing B. dorsalis larvae was 125 g corn, 25 g wheat bran, 25 g sucrose, 25 g beer yeast, 0.9 g methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 4 mL 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 4 g paper towel and 300 mL tap water. Biological parameters measured in individuals of this species reared on the larval diet were hatching rate of the next generation, pupation rate, emergence rate and average pupa weight. These were 81. 17% ± 0.05% , 96.41% ± 0.02% , 94.85% ± 0.01% and 19.40 ± 0.08 mg, respectively. By comparison, the optimal artificial diet formula for rearing larvae of B. cucurbitae and B. tau was 100 g corn, 50 g wheat bran, 30 g sucrose, 25 g beer yeast, with the same amounts of the other ingredients as for B. dorsalis larvae. Biological parameters measured in individuals of the two species reared on the larval diet were hatching rate of the next generation, pupation rate, emergence rate and average pupa weight. These were 78.50% ± 0.04% and 76.96%±0.12% , 95.73% ±0.03% and 94.69% ±0.02% , 94.57% ± 0.02% and 95.82% ±0.03% , 18.62 ± 0. 23 mg and 22.83± 1.38 mg, respectively. It was found that all three pest species raised on their respective optimal larval artificial diets could be reared successfully for successive generations. The diets are practical for maintaining populations of these three Bactrocera species because they are effective, simple to prepare and the ingredients required are widely available and inexpensive.