低氧适应的线粒体调控机制研究进展

HOW Mitochondria Play a Role in Hypoxic Adaptation

氧气对于生物体不可或缺,当细胞面临低氧胁迫时通过诱导低氧基因做出应答。长期以来线粒体都被认为是氧浓度感受器,其呼吸链为低氧信号产生所必需,但具体机制仍不清楚,可能通过呼吸链产生ROS调控PHD活性或ROS、NO共同作用蛋白酪氨酸硝化反应产生低氧信号;线粒体基因突变和细胞代谢通路改变、呼吸链效率调控也在机体低氧适应过程中发挥重要作用。本文对线粒体如何参与生物低氧适应的机制进行综述,以期引起更多研究者对生物低氧适应的关注和对线粒体更深入系统的研究。

O2 is essential to animals, and animal＇s survival is threatened when cells are deprived of 02. Eukaryotic cells respond to low-oxygen concentrations by upregulating hypoxic genes. Mito- chondria have long been considered as a likely site of oxygen sensing, and mitochondrial respiratory chain is required for hypoxic signaling, though its underlying role in this process has been unclear. Mitochondria may regulate the ROS produced by respiratory chain to control the enzyme activity of PHD, or sense oxygen through the protein tyrosine nitration reaction which is the combined effect of both ROS and NO produced by mitochondria. The mtDNA mutations, cell metabolism pathway changes and respiratory chain efficiency regulations also play important roles in adaptation to hypoxia. How mitochondria play a key role in hypoxic adaptation will be reviewed, hoping more attention will be caught on the research of hypoxic adaptation and mitochondria.