黑龙江省李标准化果园建立及配套栽培技术

The Establishment of Standardized Orchard of Plums and Corresponding Cultivation Techniques in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省是我国李子适栽区,李是黑龙江省果树第二大树种,种植面积约1.33万hm2,因此建立黑龙江省李标准化果园以及相应的配套栽培技术具有重要意义。研究表明,李园园址选在平地、坡地、山地均可,但土质以微酸性壤土最好。栽植品种应以黑龙江省育成的抗寒品种牡红甜李、矮甜李、绥李四号、龙园蜜李、龙园秋李以及秋甜李等为主,应选择高度1.2～1.5m、根系发达、李砧木的一级苗。坡地等高线定植,平地南北向定植,株行距(2.5～3.0)m×4.0m。定植前要做好挖穴和苗木准备。定植时间为秋季霜降前后和早春至4月中旬。定植后要做好土、肥、水管理,苗木整形修剪,病虫害防治以及越冬管理等栽培技术措施。

Heilongjiang province is a suitable area for growing plum in China,and it＇s the second major varieties of trees which planting area is about 13.3 thousand hectares. To establish the standardized orchard of plums and correspond cultivation techniques in Heilongjiang province had an important significance. The results showed that orchard sites of plums was flexible, sloping land and mountain land were suitable for them,of all the flat land. what＇s more,the subacidity soil texture was the best. Cold resistance varieties of cultivated spe- cies should be planted such as Muhongtianli, Aitianli, Suilisihao, Longyuanmili, Longyuanqiuli and Qiutianli. The saplings were strong which plant height is 1.2- l. 5 m, well developed root system and plum as root- stocks. Sloping and mountain land were planted by contour lines,the flat land planted from north to sourth and the planting space was （2.5-3.0） m×4.0 m. The caves and seedlings were prepared before planting. There were two certainly planting times,one was before or after frosting dates in autumn. Another was from early spring to mid-April. Keep on a well cultivation technical measures, after planting, such as the management of soil, fertilizer and water ;the pruning of plum sapling and prevention for diseases and insect pests.