论英国马克思主义文化转向的特殊性

On the Particularity of the British Marxism's Cultural Turn

对比西方马克思主义在西方各国不同的发展路径,英国马克思主义虽然不可避免地文化转向,然而其文化转向的方式表现得更为复杂,文化与基础/上层建筑模式之间始终是一种互补的状态:一方面,文化被放置在基础/上层建筑模式中,文学批评从文学内部的研究转向文学与社会之间的关系;另一方面,战后资本主义的组织方式和价值观念编织到工人阶级的日常生活中,文化因素自然而然就成为了英国马克思主义者重新理解阶级等概念另一个新的立足点。这种新的思考方式也为重新理解基础/上层建筑模式提供了新的视角。然而,英国文化马克思主义对于其他欧洲国家的马克思主义中的泛滥的文化主义倾向是有所警惕的,他们所要借鉴的是如何以更辩证的方式来分析基础与上层建筑之间的关系。

Ahhough the British Marxism inevitably turns to culture, the way is far more complex in comparing with the other patterns of Western Marxism. It seems complementary between culture and the model of base/superstruc- ture. On the one hand, culture is placed into the base/superstructure model, then literary criticism turns to the re- lationship between literature and society from internal research; on the other hand, the new organization modes and values of capitalism in postwar are woven into the everyday life of working class. The cultural factor naturally be- comes a new foothold which the British Marxists depend on, re -understanding some concepts such as ＂class＂. It also provides a new perspective to re - thinking the base/superstructure model. However, the British cultural Marx- ism always has a caution on the spread of cultural tendencies over the other European countries, and all that they have to learn is how to analyze the relationship between base and superstructure in a more dialectical way.