“幽灵抗辩”与我国刑事证明责任分配制度之完善——以台湾地区相关案例为视角

“The Ghost Defense”and Optimization of the Institution of the Burden of Proof of Criminal Law of Our Country: In the View of Some Related Cases in Taiwan

在我国现行刑事法律中,刑事证明责任由控诉方承担,通常情况下被告人不负证明责任,该规定以保护被告人的权利为目的,符合无罪推定原则。"幽灵抗辩"的出现使仅由控诉方承担证明责任的方式成为不可能。我国刑事证明责任制度应借鉴英美证据法的"积极抗辩"理论,修正原来过于僵化的证明责任规则,实行证明责任转移并适度降低被告人的证明标准。

In the present criminal law of our country, the burden of proof of criminal law should be assumed by the prosecutor, and the regulation that the defendant should not bear the burden of proof conforms to the rule of evi- dence on the presumption of innocence and the protection of the rights of the defendant. The emergence of the ＂ Ghost Law＂ makes it impossible for the prosecutor to bear the burden proof. The institution of the burden of proof of criminal law of our country should draw lessons from the theory of ＂the active defense＂ of Anglo - American law system and correct the originally rigid rules of the burden of proof to transfer the burden of proof and reduce the standard of proof of the defendant.