是“散”还是“尽”——试论朱熹气学思想的内在矛盾

“Disperse”or“Over”: Discussing the Inner Contradiction of Zhu Xi's Thought of Ether

一直以来,学界质疑朱熹的理学思想主要体现在理气关系上。其实,真正的问题出现在"气"上。"气"是儒家注重现世人道思想以别于释氏的理论根据所在。为了能在继承张载气学思想的同时,又避免他的"大轮回"说,于是朱熹以"生生不已"说气的初始,以"散尽"说气的终结。这个想法似乎很彻底,但在实际表述的过程中却出现了不同思维交叉的现象,使得建立在"气"上的很多思想都出现了矛盾混乱的情形。结果只能是:想挺立儒家却又背离了其思想传统,想辟佛却在终极意义上落入了佛家的"空"。

All the time in the academic field, the questioning of Zhu Xi~ Neo- Confucianism has mainly been the relationship between Principle and Ether. But in fact, the real problem is＂ Ether＂. It is a main weapon Zhu Xi tried to use in order to defeat the thought from the Buddhism and Tao by strengthening humanism in real world, which Confucianism was originally good at. At the same time of inheriting Chang Tsai＇ thought of Ether, Zhu Xi at- tempted to avoid Chang Tsai＇ theory of ＂big transmigration＂. For that, Zhu Xi tried to separately use ＂ circle of life＂ and ＂disperse＂ to describe the beginning and end of Ether. However, Zhu Xi made a mistake of thought cross in his actual expression, which led to contradiction in his thought of Ether. Moreover, it not only failed to refute Chang Tsai＇ theory of ＂big transmigration＂, but also betrayed the traditon of Confucianism, and even fell into ＂nothing＂ of Buddhism in ultimate sense.