海洋沉积物的污染机理和防治对策——以重金属为例

PREVENTION OF MARINE SEDIMENT POLLUTION–TAKING HEAVY METALS AS EXAMPLES

随着工业领域的高速发展,工业废液频繁排入水体,导致被排入的水体中的重金属含量越来越高。重金属是主要的海洋污染物之一,易被生物体吸收富集,转化为毒性更大的金属有机化合物,再经食物链传递,危害人体健康,而海洋沉积物是进入海水中具有毒性的重金属的主要归宿地。笔者主要讨论了沉积物吸附重金属的沉积物重金属的质量基准和背景值、吸附机理和海域金属污染防治措施等方面的内容,并进行了研究展望。

The danger of heavy metal pollution is increasing due to the increase in discharges of indus- trial waste into water bodies, as the results of rapid development of the industrial sectors in recent years. The heavy metals of mercury, arsenic, chromium may cause diseases of nervous system and cancers and thus are harmful to human health and other organisms. As a type of major marine pollu- tants, heavy metals are easy to be absorbed by marine organisms and to convert to more tox.lc metal organic compounds, and then to pass through the food chain to endanger human health. Marine sedi- ments are the main destination of land source toxic heavy metals. This paper mainly deals with the mechanisms of heavy metals absorption in sediment as well as their background values and quality benchmarks. On the basis, countermeasures for water pollution prevention are sugzested.