独立与受制:日本法官任用机制评析

Independence and Constraint: Comment on Japanese Judge Appointment Mechanism

出于对历史上缺乏独立传统的反对,战后日本法院系统从行政系统彻底分离出来后自己掌握了司法行政大权,最高法院通过对法官任用权的绝对掌控来保障下级法院对于地方政治势力的绝对独立,但这却严重削弱了法官个人的独立性从而威胁到司法独立的根本。因此通过改革下级法院法官任用模式来强化其独立性,是日本在21世纪司法改革中的重要任务,对我国也有一定的借鉴意义。

Due to the opposition to the tradition of independence, Japan＇s court system is separated from the administration system thoroughly after War II and master the power of judicial administration itself. The Supreme Court tried to guarantee the local courts＂ definite independence against the local political powers by absolute grasping of judge appointment power, but this measure weakens the judges＇personal independence heavily, thus threatening the fundamental of judicial independence. Therefore, it is a vital judicial - reform task for Japan to enhance the local judges＇independence by innovating the local judge appointment mode in 21st century. And it is also a salutary lesson for China.